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Education in America has a responsibility as have other great social institutions, to help boys aid girls live effectively in a democratic society. Effective living implies the development of the individual's highest powers for his own dynamic functioning and for the good of the society in which he lives. Physical education has the same responsibilities and the same objectives as has education in general. It is that area of education which, because it deals with body action, in movement, has as one of its major aims the development of more sensitive control of this instrument for more effective functioning. Science, particularly biology and psychology has demonstrated that the individual is at all time a unity, a unique living organism, which grows at a velocity and in a rhythm particularly its own. The individual learns and lives in relation to and interaction with his environment and his culture. The interaction is dynamic. Of all areas of education, physical education is significantly that area which deals constantly and continuously with the individual in his most dynamic learning, for he sees, thinks, feels, moves at once in situations of social and democratic import.

The role of central banks in perpetuating and tackling the economic patterns associated with climate change has increasingly been subject to academic and political attention. The Bank of England is no exception, having received a new mandate to 'facilitate the transition to net zero' in March 2021. This follows the Bank's utilisation of its monetary tools to repeatedly stabilise the economic status quo since 2008, despite its ecological consequences. This article reveals the perceptions within the British state of the new mandate and the forms of institutional change demanded by it, based on a series of elite interviews with Treasury officials and other UK monetary policy experts, as well as a discourse analysis of Bank publications and speeches. We find that Bank actors lobbied for the new mandate to legitimise its development of climate risk assessments and licence internal dialogue on the implications of its monetary policy. But the mandate is perceived to be in immediate conflict with, and subservient to, the Bank's primary structural objective of maintaining price and financial stability, due to the potentially destabilising effects of private capital realignment during a net zero transition. Institutional change within the Bank is thus limited to extending its pre-existing function of mitigating risks to financial stability rather than facilitating decarbonisation through market-shaping governance of the financial sector.

Deutsche Melderegister sind vielfältig genutzt worden, um wichtige Einsichten in die Bevölkerungsbewegungen und deren Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer urbanen Industriewelt zu gewinnen. Da handgeschriebene Volkszählungsdaten für Mitteleuropa im 19. Jahrhundert nur begrenzt zur Verfügung stehen, werden die Register eine fundamentale Quelle für historische Analysen bleiben, vor allem in Verbindung mit anderen Dokumenten wie Heiratsurkunden, Bevölkerungs- und Beschäftigungsstatistiken. Kontinuierlich geführte Melderegister bieten die einzigartige Chance, Charakter und Qualität des Lebens in Deutschland während einer Periode grundlegenden sozialen Wandels genauer zu erfassen und das Ausmaß zu verstehen, in dem auch einfache Menschen in der Lage waren, ihr eigenes Schicksal aktiv zu gestalten. (psz)

The study of St. George's Anglican Church, Winnipeg, was an exploratory and descriptive one. An attempt was made to discover what variables were associated with the degree of involvement in church affiliation. A two-fold typology was employed for this purpose. Those who were more involved in the church were referred to as Active members; those who were less involved were termed Inactive. The thesis was based on an analysis of three hundred and three questionnaires filled in during two services on Sunday, April 28, 1963. In order to examine the subject in greater detail, personal interviews were conducted during the summer of 1963 with sixty-seven of the middle-aged males on the church's parish list. Age, sex, marital status, educational level, and socioeconomic position were found to be associated with the parishioners' degree of involvement in the church. Among those interviewed, it was found that the Active members displayed greater generational mobility, tended towards the middle of the socioeconomic range represented by the church's membership, and tended to maintain more rigid stands on social and religious issues. Furthermore, they exhibited more rigid behaviour patterns associated with religious practices and, for example, with political voting patterns. In the light of the findings concerning the Active and the Inactive members it was suggested, in the final chapter of the thesis, that further research, similar to that undertaken at St. George's, might well prove fruitful in increasing the sociologist's understanding of religious institutions.