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A history of the multidimensional relationship between military service & citizenship in the US is presented. Concerning military service, the US has made little distinction between citizens & aliens. Aliens with declared intentions to become citizens have generally been able to serve in the armed forces, & even as military personnel when needs were high. The draft has traditionally been the obligation of all US residents, not just citizens. Citizenship as a reward for military service is common, & citizenship requirements from those who serve in active duty during wartime are generally more liberal. It is concluded that the US military is a relatively open institution with respect to immigrants, & can be an effective & legal means for them to enter mainstream US life. 1 Table. J. Cannon.

Cosa Nostra. Organized crime. The Mob. Call it what you like, no other crime group has infiltrated labor unions and manipulated legitimate industries like Italian organized crime families. One cannot understand the history and political economy of New York City-or most other major American cities-in the 20th century without focusing on the role of organized crime in the urban power structure. Gotham Unbound demonstrates the remarkable range of Cosa Nostra's activities and influence and convincingly argues that 20th century organized crime has been no minor annoyance at the periphery of soci.

Since Prohibition, the Mafia has captivated the media and, indeed, the American imagination. From Al Capone to John Gotti, organized crime bosses have achieved notoriety as anti- heroes in popular culture. In practice, organized crime grew strong and wealthy by supplying illicit goods and services and by obtaining control over labor unions and key industries. Despite, or perhaps because of, its power and high profile, Cosa Nostra faced little opposition from law enforcement. Yet, in the last 15 years, the very foundations of the mob have been shaken, its bosses imprisoned, its profits diminish

Using data on more than 50,000 community college students who first enrolled during the 200506 academic year at one of nine community colleges in three large states, this paper presents demographic and academic characteristics of students who did and did not receive a Pell Grant. The descriptive findings suggest that, despite lower levels of initial college readiness, Pell recipients had a stronger academic focus than non-Pell recipients. Yet while Pell recipients had higher credit completion ratios and were more likely to complete an award, they were also more likely to be enrolled in the same college with more than 30 credits after five years. This suggests that Pell recipients at community colleges may be taking a longer period of time to complete an academic credential than is prudent. ; Community College Research Center

Presentation at the 2018 American Library Association (ALA) Conference for the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services Division.The presentation discussed methods and strategies on how to protect endangered government information in Canada and the United States. Amanda Wakaruk, Copyright Librarian at the University of Alberta, James Church, Librarian at University of California, Berkeley and James R. Jacobs, Federal Government Information Librarian at Stanford Library were the other panelists. ; Library, UBC ; Non UBC ; Unreviewed ; Faculty