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A review essay on: (1) Gautam Sen, The Military Origins of Industrialisation and International Trade Rivalry (London: Frances Pinter, 1984); (2) Barry Bluestone & Bennett Harrison, The De-Industrialisation of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry (New York: Basic Books, 1982); (3) UN Industrial Development Organisation, Industry in a Changing World: Special Issue of the Industrial Development Survey for the Fourth General Conference of UNIDO (New York: United Nations, 1983); (4) Robert Ballance & Stuart Sinclair, Industry Strategy in a Changing World (London: Allen & Unwin, 1983); (5) Edward K. Y. Chen, Multinational Corporations, Technology and Employment (London: Macmillan, 1983); (6) Richard J. Schonberger, Japanese Manufacturing Technique: Nine Hidden Lessons in Simplicity (London: Collier-Macmillan, 1982); & (7) W. J. Abernathy, K. B. Clarke, & A. M. Kantrow, Industrial Renaissance: Producing a Competitive Future for America (New York: Basic Books, 1983 [see listings in IRPSPPD No. 13]). These works offer a historical perspective on industrialization, emphasizing two themes: the growing interconnectedness of industrial growth & the key role played by technological innovation. These concerns are developed through examination of a vast combined range of topics. Attention is given to industrialization in mature economies, the rise of industrialization in the less-developed countries & Japan, & reindustrialization strategies in Europe & the US. Major issues explored include: economic interdependence & crisis; protectionism; the causes of industrial decline; the replicability of Japanese production techniques; locational implications of Japanese techniques; & the political economy of reindustrialization. Certain remaining inadequacies in these analyses suggest directions for future research. 15 References. W. H. Stoddard

SUMMARY The primary concern of this contribution is to determine whether the skills required to use microelectronics‐related innovations are a constraint to developing countries adopting these technologies. Based upon a case study of the computer‐aided design sector (which is growing very rapidly and provides substantial benefits to innovating firms), the conclusion is that, while the technology is often easier to use, the close relationship required between different users and between users and suppliers, makes it likely that the technology will be more appropriate to the operating environments of developed countries.RESUME Les compétences nécessaires sont‐elles une entrave à la diffusion de la micro‐électronique?Il s'agit de découvrir si les compétences exigées pour les innovations liées à la micro‐électronique constituent une contrainte pour les PVD qui les adoptent. D'après une étude de cas du graphisme assisté par ordinateur (secteur de croissance rapide qui ouvre de grandes perspectives aux entreprises novatrices), il semble que ces techniques, certes faciles d'emploi, exigent un lien étroit entre divers usagers et entre usagers et fournisseurs. Le climat des pays développés leur est donc plus favorable.RESUMEN ¿Existe una restricción por pericia en la divulgación de la micro‐electronica?El interés primordial de esta exposición consiste en determinar si las pericias necesarias para utilizar innovaciones relacionadas con la microelectrónica constituyen una restricción para los países en vías de desarrollo que adopten estas tecnologías. Basándose en el estudio de un caso del sector de diseño auxiliado por computadora (que aumenta muy rápidamente y proporciona importantes beneficios a las empresas innovadoras), la conclusión es que, aunque la tecnología es con frecuencia más fácil de utilizar, la íntima relación necesaria entre diferentes usuarios y entre usuarios y proveedores, hace más probable que la tecnología sea más apropiada para los ambientes de operaciones de los países desarrollados.