Suchergebnisse

Although questions of political obligation have been much discussed by scholars, little attention has been paid to moral reasons advanced by actual states to justify the compliance of their subjects. We examine the `self-image of the state' through Supreme Court decisions in the USA, Germany, and Israel. Because moral reasons are expressed especially clearly in cases regarding obligations to provide military service, we focus on these. In spite of their important constitutional and judicial differences, the three states support military obligations along similar lines, though with some differences. In all three countries, appeal is made to obligations of reciprocity. Individuals must serve in order to provide the important benefit of defense. This `service conception' of political obligation accords norms of fairness or equality a central role, in order to justify the service of particular individuals. Reasons for less emphasis on fairness in Israeli cases are examined, while we claim that the overall similarities of the three countries provide some measure of indirect support to a theory of political obligation based on the principle of fairness.

Although questions of political obligation have been much discussed by scholars, little attention has been paid to moral reasons advanced by actual states to justify the compliance of their subjects. We examine the 'self-image of the state' through Supreme Court decisions in the USA, Germany, & Israel. Because moral reasons are expressed especially clearly in cases regarding obligations to provide military service, we focus on these. In spite of their important constitutional & judicial differences, the three states support military obligations along similar lines, though with some differences. In all three countries, appeal is made to obligations of reciprocity. Individuals must serve in order to provide the important benefit of defense. This 'service conception' of political obligation accords norms of fairness or equality a central role, in order to justify the service of particular individuals. Reasons for less emphasis on fairness in Israeli cases are examined, while we claim that the overall similarities of the three countries provide some measure of indirect support to a theory of political obligation based on the principle of fairness. 1 Appendix. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Ltd.]

"This work explores the evolution from traditional to contemporary forms of war commemoration while centering around fundamental question of whether these new forms of memorial are meant to encourage the remembering or forgetting of the experience of war, as well as what implications this process may have for the continuation of the modern nation state"--Provided by publisher

This article aims to provide a theoretical framework for working with excluded youth as active partners in non-profit organisations. Using the Youth-Adult Partnership model, we propose three strategies for creating partnerships with youth in the realm of volunteerism: (1) group volunteering; (2) mentoring as a managerial strategy; and (3) management councils. Each strategy is a means of relying on youths' knowledge and expertise, and assigning volunteers and practitioners joint authority to lead the services. Based on Bourdieu's (1986) theory of capital, we argue that such partnerships serve not only as a means of reducing the inequality of young people experiencing social exclusion as volunteers, but also as an opportunity to demonstrate the social capital of youth as service providers stemming from their marginalisation. Such recognition by adults and staff, who are the service providers of the youths as clients, can change the rules for both the youth and the organisations.