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"Similarly to the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11 of 2001, a foundational event that marked the turn of the century, the recent virus outbreak in Wuhan, China resonates heavily in the social imaginary of West. Both events have differences and of course commonalities. 9/11 epitomizes the struggle of Western civilization against an invisible enemy, terrorism, while now the target is a virus. Both emulate the doctrine of living with the enemy inside. Another commonality rests on the fact the same transport means that facilitate the state of emergency are paradoxically and at the same time mainly victims. Based on the invitation of well-renowned experts coming from four continents, the present book discusses critically the effects of COVID-19 as well as the global pandemic in society. To some extent, experts and colleagues of all pundits energetically emphasize the economic crisis of COVID-19 overlooking the durable effects in the societal background. This book intends to fill the gap giving a fresh insight which explains the role of social distancing and the lockdown in a new emerging society. Although chapters can be read separately, they are finely grounded into a common argumentation, as the pandemic affirms not only the geopolitical tensions of what Scambler dubbed as a fractured society but also starts a feudalization process where the Spectacle of Death prevails"--

3. Sensitivity Analysis of the Colombian Tourism Market: Natural National Parks in a Context of Armed Conflict -- Introduction -- Background -- Theoretical Framework -- Methods -- Phase I: National Context -- Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) and Scatterplot -- Phase II: National Natural Parks -- Selection Criteria -- Weighting Coefficient -- Vector Autoregression Model -- Granger Causality Test -- Results -- Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Scatterplot -- Weighting Coefficient -- Vector Autoregression Model for the Series Natural National Parks -- Johansen Cointegration Test

"From its inception, the capitalist system has been mainly oriented to the economic and limitary expansion. The adventures -if not challenges- to index over-seas territories was not only fraught of dangers and mysteries but also by the needs of colonizing other cultures, landscapes and territories (economies) to legitimate the European order inside and outside. The colonial authority, which was cemented on a much deeper technological revolution, developed, adopted and imposed ideological discourses for the local native to internalize the so-called inferiority. The importance of the figure of alterity in social science occupied a central position for the colonial expansion, without mentioning the decolonization process. For West, the figure of the "Other", above all the Non-Western Other" was an object of curiosity, entertainment and fear. This book deals with 6 chapters which are organized in two parts. The first part deals with the problem of the "Other" from the lens of sociology (in the ink of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and William Thomas) while the second focuses on the problems of anthropology to situate the natives as a mirror of pre-modern Europe (in Bronislaw Malinowski, Claude Levi-Strauss & Marc Auge). In a moment when the world goes through a sentiment of extreme radicalization, where the "Other" is considered an enemy -or at the best as "an undesired guest" living within-, the present editorial project, at least it is the main objective of the authors, interrogates furtherly on the conflictive figure of "Otherness" in the epistemological pillars of Western humanism and social sciences. Each chapter may be read independently but -once lumped together- they share a common-thread argumentation which traces back on the problem of alterity for the Western rationality -from colonialism to the post-modern capitalism-. Doubtless, the founding parents of anthropology and sociology offer a fertile ground to expand the current understanding of past and present times"--

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- References -- Chapter 1 -- Towards New Horizons in Dark Tourism Studies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Anthropology of Death -- Discussing Dark Tourism -- The Fieldworks in Dark Tourism Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Smart Tourism for Dark Sites: The Sacred Site of the Dead, Trunyan Cemetery -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Smart Tourism -- 2.1. Consuming Death -- 3. Methods of Study -- 3.1. Overview of the Study Context: Trunyan Cemetery -- 3.2. Preliminary Study: Empirical Setting -- 3.3. Important Implications -- 4. Structure Reviews: How Smart Is Smart Tourism? -- 5. A Scenario Planning for Trunyan Cemetery: Authenticity, Place Attachment, and Destination's Marketing and Development -- Conclusion -- Implications of the study -- Future Research Directions -- References -- Chapter 3 -- An Analysis of Online User Reviews of the Death Sites -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminary Debate -- 3. The Rise of e-complaints -- 3.1. Venting via Smart Reviews -- 3.2. Handling e-complaints about the Death Sites -- 3.3. Death Sites and their Tourism Attributes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Assessing Dark Tourism as a Sustainable Economic Activity for Emerging Destinations Using a Multi Criteria Approach -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contextual Framework -- 2.1. Tourism and Emerging Destinations -- 2.2. Dark Tourism -- 3. Conceptual Framework -- 3.1. Sustainable Tourism -- 3.2. Heritage and Collective Memory -- 3.3. Voodoo in Haiti -- 3.4. Dark Tourism (Voodoo) as a Marketing Tool: The Case of Haiti -- 4. Methodology -- 5. Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- England and the Culture of Achievement: The Roots of Dark Tourism -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Original Discussion -- An Introduction of Anglo-World

Abstract: Over the recent years, some authors have questioned the hegemony of mankind (Anthropocene) over nature. The recent virus outbreak known as COVID19 starts a new period known as "violence" where humans are forced to recede to the private sphere. The COVID19
pandemic not only alerted the health authorities but also disposed of extreme measures which included the close of borders, airspaces, as well as the imposition of lockdown and social distancing. Not only global commerce but also the tourism industry was placed on the brink of collapse. In
this grim landscape, the problem of climate change is far from being solved. While steps to reverse the greenhouse gas emission should be taken globally coordinating efforts among nations, the current climate of tension without mentioning the geopolitical discrepancies (among countries) impedes
the formation of global sustainable institutions to monitor and regulate the effects of climate change. The present article centers on a visual ethnography on the film Contagion, to lay the foundations towards a new understanding of ideology and its effects on ecological justice.

Over years, many social scientists have devoted considerable attention to the concept of unilateralism that characterized the politics of US in the world. Their studies found that Americans have developed a sentiment of ethnocentrism by means they present as special, outstanding before others. This essay-review not only examines the socio cultural reasons of this issue, but also the risk to be special. The discussion is aimed to the thesis Americans are subject to the predestination and revealed destiny whereby a particular tragic view of the world has been introduced to the culture. At some extent, this encouraged a quest for virtuosity but at the same time it brought the citizenry towards an atmosphere of panic as never before. ; En los últimos años, los cientistas sociales se han visto atraídos por el unilateralismo estadounidense en política internacional. Sus observaciones coinciden en resaltar el sentido de especialidad promovido por los estadounidenses para verse asimismo frente a otros. En este sentido, el presente trabajo examina las causas culturas y sociales de cómo se ha formado el principio del destino revelado, que lleva a los americanos a sentirse especiales. La discusión apunta a defender la tesis de que este pueblo ha desarrollado una visión realmente trágica del mundo por medio del cual la necesidad de alcanzar la virtud converge en el temor del hundimiento.

"The goals of the book are threefold: 1- Develop a rich conceptual debate around tourism consumption's impact on human rights. 2- The introduction to successful study cases where tourism contributes positively to the human rights 3- To lay the foundations for a new understanding of human rights involving hosts and guests"--