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The future of global security, peace, and power balance is presently being shaped by conflicts and cooperation among major powers. China's rise on the international stage, as well as its growing dominance in the United Nations, poses a threat to US hegemony. The brief explores the evolution of the United Nations through the Cold War era so as to show how two superpowers acted beyond the UN's mandate and misused their Veto Power. After recounting history, we aim to explain how China's ascent poses a challenge to the United Nations as an 'international organization,' a dynamic which demands immediate reforms. We examine three related areas: the United Nations itself, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), and the Veto Power mechanism. Finally, we make recommendations regarding which model would be the most effective in the twenty-first century. South Asia, the most populous region in the world is not represented on the UNSC, and so are not either Africa or South America. A new United Nations Security Council model that is more inclusive, fair, and logically based is proposed. In order to ensure an adequate functioning of such model, an inclusive yet simple decision-making process is suggested to replace the current Veto Power mechanism.

PurposeThis study aims to set out to develop and validate a new instrument to measure the multi-dimensional nature of co-opetition in corporate responsibility and sustainability (CRS). It is anticipated that this instrument will prove useful to firms wanting to adopt measures that support relevant sustainability strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe scale development concerns three separate components, namely, item generation through expert interviews; a pilot study conducted for scale purification; and a final study for scale confirmation and validation, respectively. The final study comprises 215 firms across 11 sectors in Australia that engage in co-opetitive alliances for CRS activities.FindingsThis study empirically validates the distinctiveness of three dimensions (commonality-driven, competition-driven and collaboration-driven) of co-opetition in relation to CRS resulting in a 15-item multi-dimensional scale. The three dimensions were found to be important aspects both in terms of scale validity and organisational consideration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study proposes a new research area regarding the proposed framework, as well as practical strategies for practitioners when considering co-opetition and their firm's engagement in CRS activities.Originality/valuePrior studies in similar areas have mainly comprised conceptual or qualitative approaches and do not tend to focus on all three aspects of co-opetition, corporate social responsibility and sustainability.

Insights and Advancements in DNA Forensics -- DNA: The Master Molecule -- Attaining State of the Art in DNA Tests -- Inscription from Author's Diary -- DNA Sample Collection and Packaging: Chain of Custody -- Extraction and Analysis of DNA Samples in Laboratory -- DNA Extraction from Biological Samples -- Post Extraction Processing of DNA for Profiling and Understanding Reports -- DNA in Courtrooms -- DNA in Criminal Adjudication -- Legal Contours for DNA Evidence -- Forensic DNA in Exonerations -- DNA Legislations Challenges and Opportunities -- DNA Based Human Identification in Mass Disaster Cases -- DNA as Tool for Revealing Truth in Civil as well as Criminal Cases.

ABSTRACTExperiential purchases (focused on doing rather than having) provide more satisfaction than material goods. Here, we examine a different downstream consequence of spending money on experiences: fostering social connection. Consumers reported feeling more kinship with someone who had made a similar experiential purchase than someone who had made a similar material purchase—a result tied to the greater centrality of experiences to one's identity. This greater sense of connection that experiences provide applied even when someone else had made a similar, but superior purchase. Participants also reported feeling more connected to others in general, not just those who have made the same purchase, when reflecting on experiential consumption—and these feelings of connection were expressed in a greater desire to engage in social activities when participants considered their experiential purchases than when they considered their material purchases. Together, these results demonstrate that experiential consumption enhances people's social connection quite broadly.

PurposeThe purpose of this research study was to understand the simultaneous competitive and social gains of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) usage in organizations. There was a knowledge hiatus regarding the contribution of the deployment of ML and AI technologies and their effects on organizations and society.Design/methodology/approachThis study was grounded on the dynamic capabilities (DC) and ML and AI automation-augmentation paradox literature. This research study examined these theoretical perspectives using the response of 239 Indian organizational chief technology officers (CTOs). Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) path modeling was applied for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicated that ML and AI technologies organizational usage positively influenced DC initiatives. The findings depicted that DC fully mediated ML and AI-based technologies' effects on firm performance and social performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributed to theoretical discourse regarding the tension between organizational and social outcomes of ML and AI technologies. The study extended the role of DC as a vital strategy in achieving social benefits from ML and AI use. Furthermore, the theoretical tension of the automation-augmentation paradox was explored.Practical implicationsOrganizations deploying ML and AI technologies could apply this study's insights to comprehend the organizational routines to pursue simultaneous competitive benefits and social gains. Furthermore, chief technology executives of organizations could devise how ML and AI technologies usage from a DC perspective could help settle the tension of the automation-augmentation paradox.Social implicationsIncreased ML and AI technologies usage in organizations enhanced DC. They could lead to positive social benefits such as new job creation, increased compensation to skilled employees and greater gender participation in employment. These insights could be derived based on this research study.Originality/valueThis study was among the first few empirical investigations to provide theoretical and practical insights regarding the organizational and societal benefits of ML and AI usage in organizations because of their DC. This study was also one of the first empirical investigations that addressed the automation-augmentation paradox at the enterprise level.

This study examines the factors associated with food security after three years of implementation of the National Food Security Act, 2013. Fifteen hundred and fourteen households in three states of India—563 from Bihar, 557 from Uttar Pradesh, and 394 from Haryana—were surveyed. Data on beneficiary status, calorie consumption, economic status, social status, health status, and women empowerment were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Findings suggest that beneficiary had more employment in families, normal and deficit calorie intake, used cow dung cake as fuel, more children enrolment in primary and secondary schools, and adoption of family planning measures. These improvements have occurred after three years of implementation of the Act, and through supply of food grains to poor families.

AbstractThe study of corporate governance is gaining momentum as its compliance has been made mandatory and the number of corporate governance issues is on the rise. Global scandals in Enron, WorldCom, and so forth. along with the rising number of domestic cases of misgovernance such as Satyam, Tata v/s Mistry have further stimulated the interest of policy makers, investors, academicians and other stakeholders in India. A number of studies have investigated the relationship between corporate governance and performance but the results remain inconclusive. We examine the relationship in the Indian context on a sample of 2,552 non‐financial firms. The firm performance is measured by ROA and Tobin's Q and corporate governance characteristics are measured by the strength of the board, shareholding by executives, independence of the members of the audit committee and dual positions held by CEO. The results of the panel data analysis on 15,671 firm year (2010–2019) shows that the CG factors, namely, audit committee independence, board size and CEO duality do not impact firm performance whereas managerial ownership revealed positive impact on firm performance (ROA). Audit committee independence and CEO duality have no impact whereas board size and managerial ownership revealed positive impact on firm performance (Tobin's Q).