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PurposeThe purpose is to expand our understanding of different organizational group interactions in crises and extend the Competing Values Framework of organizational culture into three first responder groups – firefighters, police and emergency medical technicians. Because unique organizational culture is a critical element in the success or failure of any organization, when organizations combine during crisis, failure often results. The authors examined the cultures of first responders in a crisis to determine whether differences in cultural type might explain some failures.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Competing Values Framework for organizational culture, the authors examined literature on the three first responder cultures. The literature is available on the failure of these organizations to work together in crisis, but little on the deep organizational reasons for these failures.FindingsIn view of the different challenges each profession faces and ways they organize to address those challenges, self-directed coordination of these three distinct groups may be optimal, rather than an overall system of command and control. This can be visualized when the authors examine the three cultures using the Competing Values Framework. The authors discuss specific reasons for problems in crisis coordination and give suggestions on coping with three or more different cultures.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a literature review and conceptual paper. A meta-analysis of incidences would be helpful.Practical implicationsWhen disparate organizations work together, culture may interfere with cooperation and coordination. Taking organizational culture into account will enable operations with less friction. In this paper, the authors explain why.Social implicationsLack of cooperation and coordination among firefighters, police and EMTs could create loss of life or property. Understanding potential cultural differences will help the disparate groups work together better.Originality/valueThe authors examine organizational culture differences in detail as a reason for the failures of coordination of first responders in crisis. In addition, the authors extend the Competing Values Framework to these essential groups of first responders. The authors are the first to propose a taxonomy of culture for these three groups, based on the Competing Values Framework.

Advances in communication technologies have made great progress in bridging time and distance, but social and cultural differences are still formidable obstacles to effective communication. Communication processes occur in specific cultural contexts, with unique normative beliefs, assumptions, and shared symbols. Culture influences what people communicate, to whom they communicate, and how they communicate. There has been little systematic cross‐cultural research to explicate the effects of communication media on communication effectiveness. This article proposes cultural effects on perceptions of media effectiveness. The authors advance conceptual knowledge by presenting new perspectives on the cultural effects on individuals' perception of media and their effectiveness.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the intersection of competency and bullying behaviors, not yet reported in the literature.Design/methodology/approach– The approach is an examination of the literature available on both topics, and development of a framework related to both.Findings– The theory is that there is a strong mediating relationship between the victim's self-perception of competency and outcomes (the victim's reactions) to bullying behaviors. There are multiple impacts of bullying behaviors, but the authors believe this mediation action of competency might be crucial. There is little research on competency or expertise in terms of behaviors resulting from these self-assessments. Future research should seek to examine the link empirically, and there are implications about the competency levels of bullies themselves that might arise.Research limitations/implications– As this is a newly developed research stream, the authors plan to continue with work on the topic.Practical implications– By developing competency, individuals may develop some protection or coping mechanisms when confronted by bullying behaviors. Managers need to be aware of the need to allow employee development to reduce the incidence of such behaviors.Social implications– Bullying behaviors have become rampant in society. In trying to determine where the problem might be best addressed, the authors feel that they have made a significant impact to allow managers to address competency among those victimized by these behaviors. This should have a flow-on effect for organizational and societal culture.Originality/value– This is an intersection that has not been explored but holds significant explanatory power in the area. These bullying behaviors are on the rise; therefore, it is an exceptional opportunity to present new ideas in a forum that is well read by both academics and practitioners.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating roles of two distinct styles of coping and decision latitude on the relationship between three facets of role stress and psychological strain in six national contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe objective of the research is to examine the relative predictive efficacies of three theory specific moderators in six countries which differ on the cultural dimension of individualism‐collectivism. The data are analyzed using moderated regression analysis.FindingsThe results show that problem‐focused coping is a better moderator in the individualistic countries and that emotion‐focused coping is a better moderator in the collectivistic contexts. None of the three moderators moderate the relationships in Germany and South Africa – the two countries which had scores in the mid‐range of the individualism‐collectivism continuum. Findings are discussed for their significance into the interplay of cultural variations and coping with work stress in predicting psychological strain or distress on the job.Practical implicationsPractical implications for managing human resources in various subsidiaries of multinational and global organizations are discussed.Originality/valueThis paper confirms existing theories and expands the authors' understanding of role stress and psychological strain in different cultural contexts.

Frontmatter -- ASIAN AMERICA -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Contributors -- 1 New Cosmopolitanisms: South Asians in the United States at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century -- 2 The Pakistani Diaspora in North America -- 3 Identity and Visibility: Reflections on Museum Displays of South Asian Art -- 4 South Asian Religions in the United States: New Contexts and Configurations -- 5 Bollywood Abroad: South Asian Diasporic Cosmopolitanism and Indian Cinema -- 6 The Psychological Cost of New Cosmopolitanism: Eating Disorders in the Context of Globalization -- 7 Theorizing Recognition: South Asian Authors in a Global Milieu -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Culture, Power, Place: Ethnography at the End of an Era -- PART I: SPACE, CULTURE, IDENTITY -- Beyond "Culture": Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference -- National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees -- Seeing Bifocally: Media, Place, Culture -- State, Territory, and National Identity Formation In the "TWo Berllns, 1945-1995 -- Finding One's Own Place: Asian Landscapes Re-vlsloned In Rural California -- The Country and the City on the Copperbelt -- Rethinking Modernity: Space and Factory Discipline in China -- The Song of the Nonaligned World: Transnational Identities and the Relnscription of Space in Late Capitalism -- PART II: CULTURE. POWER. RESISTANCE -- Exile to Compatriot: Transformations in the Social Identity of Palestinian Refugees In the West Bank -- The Demonic Place of the "Not There": Trademark Rumors in the Postindustrial Imaginary -- Bombs, Bikinis, and the Popes of Rock 'n' Roll: Reflections on Resistance, the Play of Subordinations, and Liberalism in Andalusia and Academia, 1983-1995 -- The Remaking of an Andalusian Pilgrimage Tradition: Debates Regarding Visual (Re)presentatlon and the Meanings of "Locality" in a Global Era -- Works Cited -- Index -- Contributors

We explore the ways that perceptions of media effectiveness are affected by the societal culture, organizational culture, occupational (professional) culture, individual characteristics, and technology acceptance. This is an important subject to explore, as communication is essential to organizational functioning. The continuous drive for communication to individuals in different national and organizational situations around the world, due in part to globalization, leads us to ask: which medium is perceived as the most effective for each of the tasks a manager may be called upon to perform, particularly in different cultures? In other words, is the receiver getting the message that we intend, when the receiver is not in the same situation (societal, organizational, professional, etc.) as the sender? There are contexts of shared values, rules, and experiences that affect communication; words do not have the same meaning and value across languages and cultures (Macnamara, 2004). This means that the message sent from one context may not be the message received in another. If we are not communicating the messages we intend, then our method of communicating may be efficient, but it is certainly not effective. However, there is little research on the effectiveness of media types. We develop a framework highlighting the intersection of variables salient to effectiveness: societal, organizational, and occupational culture, individual characteristics, and technology the sender? In the conclusion, we suggest future work that might be appropriate, given the increasing interest in global communication.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Marking Times and Territories -- I FIGURING GENDERS IN THE COLONY AND NATION: NATIVE AND FOREIGN -- Designing Woman, Designing North Borneo -- The Cordon Sanitaire: Mobility and Space in the Regulation of Colonial Prostitution -- Feminizing the City: Gender and Space in Colonial Colombo -- Failure of the Imaginary: Gendered Excess of the Indonesian Nation -- Gender, Paradoxical Space, and Critical Spectatorship in Vietnamese Film: The Works of Dang Nhat Minh -- II TRANSPORTING GENDERS BETWEEN THE VILLAGE AND CITY: REPRESENTATIONS AND RESISTANCES -- Traveling High and Low: Verticality, Social Position, and the Making of Pahari Genders -- Nurturing, Gender Ideologies, and Bangkok's Foodscape -- Place and Displacement: Figuring the Thai Village in an Age of Rural Development -- The City between the Global State: Architecture and the People in Singapore's Gendered Imaginations -- III GENDERING LOCAL-GLOBAL CIRCUITS: LABOR, CAPITAL, AND SUBJECTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE -- South Asian Women in the Gulf: Families and Futures Reconfigured -- Diasporic Alienness and Belonging: Selected Indian-American Cultural Expressions -- Jewish Diaspora through Colonial Spaces: Negotiating Identity and Forging Community -- Unruly Subjects: Cornelia Sorabji and Ravinder Randhawa -- Immigrant Dreams and Nightmares: South Asian Domestic Workers in North America in a Time of Global Mobility -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index