Suchergebnisse

This study uses data from the Criminal Justice Kentucky Treatment Outcome Study (CJKTOS) to describe treatment outcomes following prison and jail-based treatment among women residing in metro and non-metro areas following release. The study takes an exploratory look at potential differences in sustained abstinence, community treatment utilization, and recidivism by geographic location (metro/non-metro) and treatment program (jail or prison). Baseline data was collected from women as they entered two prison and two jail-based treatment programs, and follow-up data was collected 12 months post-release in the community. Bivariate group differences were noted with a higher percentage of metro women who participated in prison-based treatment relapsing to cocaine use during the follow-up period compared to non-metro women. In multivariate models, females who participated in jail-based treatment and prison-based treatment fared similarly on study outcomes. There was, however a main effect of residence status in that women living in non-metro areas during the follow-up period were less likely to utilize community-based aftercare treatment and less likely to be re-incarcerated during the follow-up period than women living in metro areas. Findings are discussed with regard to future research and practice implications for women offenders transitioning to geographically different communities following release.

Faith-based beliefs are associated with and considered to be a vital component in enhancing the efficacy of substance abuse treatment and recovery. However, relatively little empirical information has been accumulated on the temporal stability of individuals' use of faith and its importance before and following initiation of the therapeutic process. The current study examined persistence in turning to faith across time as a predictor of substance use, criminal behavior, and perceived addiction severity in a sample of 500 Kentucky Drug Court participants. Results suggest that when modeling variance in faith, which persists across the two-year span of Drug Court involvement as a latent construct, greater persistence in one's faith predicts decreases in substance use frequency measured at the final 24-month interview. The latent faith construct was marginally related to differences in 24-month criminal behavior and was not associated with perceptions of addiction severity. Results are discussed for substance abuse treatment needs and recovery.

The history of United States drug policy is complex, ranging from laissez-faire to strict prohibition. In recent years, there has been little federal interest in drug policy reform and a continuing focus on a prohibitionist deterrence approach. During this period, state initiatives have been in the forefront of drug policy experimentation via ballot initiatives, legislative actions, or judicial and administrative policy decisions. The resulting state-level drug policy landscape includes continued prohibition as well as harm reduction, medicalization, and decriminalization. In addition, there has been considerable state-level policy focus on substance abuse treatment quality. With a new presidential administration, there is some indication that drug policy reform may be a national issue as part of the federal health reform agenda. The authors hope that the results of state policy experiments that provide evidence for the viability of harm reduction, quality treatment, and related approaches can be a viable part of the national policy discussion.

This article describes rural methamphetamine (MA) production ('cooking") and associated risks in Kentucky and Arkansas. It is based on qualitative interviews with 36 active MA users and one former user, a population that included 10 MA "cookers." Participants reported that various forms of the Birch cooking method have become widespread locally over the past decade. There is an underground market in MA ingredients like pseudoephedrine pills and anhydrous ammonia and innovative methods to overcome restrictions on obtaining them. MA production is hazardous. Explosions, chemical spills, and injuries are associated with acquiring anhydrous ammonia. MA cooking is often undertaken by the inexperienced, those "high" on MA, or people who rush production because of fear of discovery or craving for the drug. Consequently, accidents and injuries sometimes occur. Lab waste is also a potential danger. Our preliminary findings can inform future research and the development of educational programs that address MA cooking and associated problems.

The overall aim of the present study is to examine the utility of the DSM OUD Checklist and the NM-ASSIST screening tools to identify symptoms consistent with OUD among incarcerated women in county jails. This study contributes to the existing literature because research on screening and assessment approaches for incarcerated women has been limited. The focus of the current study is to describe the screening procedures and study recruitment for a larger parent study focused on increasing treatment linkages. Study findings indicate a positive correlation between indicators of OUD using the two screening tools, as well as a high degree of correlation between street opioid misuse and other high-risk drug indicators (overdose and injection practices). These findings underscore the importance of outreach, screening, and intervention in real-world settings, including jails, in order to increase access to OUD treatment among this vulnerable sample of women.