Suchergebnisse

AbstractAimsA longer life and the growing population of older adults are the achievements of the 20th century. The World Health Organization considers ageism an important barrier to age‐appropriate care for older adults. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the ageism scale for dental students in Iran (ASDS‐Persian).MethodsThe 27‐question ASDS was translated from English into Persian (Farsi) and completed by 275 dental students from two universities in Isfahan, Iran. Principal component analysis (PCA), internal consistency reliability, and discriminant validity were estimated. Furthermore, in this study we conducted an analytical cross sectional study among dental students of Isfahan province (two universities) with the aim of proving data regarding their ageism beliefs and attitudes.ResultsPCA revealed an 18‐question, four‐component scale with acceptable validity and reliability. The four components are 'barriers/concerns on dental treatment in older adults', 'opinions about older adults', 'practitioner's perspective,' and 'older adults' perspective'.ConclusionThis preliminary validation of ASDS‐Persian produced a new 18‐question scale with four components with acceptable validity and reliability. This instrument could be further tested in larger samples in Farsi speaking countries.

O Pantanal é uma área importante para a conservação da onça-pintada (Panthera onca) e da onça-parda (Puma concolor). No entanto, o bioma possui peculiaridades que tornam a conservação de grandes felinos complexa e desafiadora. A predação do gado gera conflitos entre onças e fazendeiros, que tradicionalmente resultam na eliminação oportunista, porém sistemática, dos predadores. Por outro lado, é crescente entre os fazendeiros o reconhecimento da necessidade de conservar as onças, desde que seja resolvido, ou pelo menos diminuído em níveis toleráveis, o prejuízo que elas causam. Nesse contexto, é importante entender a dinâmica da predação, a fim de identificar ações que possam diminuir efetivamente o seu impacto econômico. Aspectos culturais também têm grande importância, influenciando diretamente na decisão de abater uma onça ou tolerar sua presença. Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos as características e a dinâmica da predação de espécies nativas e do gado doméstico por onças no Pantanal, em particular a onça-pintada. Além disso, descrevemos aspectos pessoais, sociais e culturais do conflito, e discutimos suas implicações para a conservação das onças, destacando a importância de entender e envolver os diferentes atores ligados à conservação dessas espécies.

AbstractAlzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) are among the age‐associated chronic conditions that are most challenging to health care systems around the globe, as patients with dementia require full‐time, intensive care for multiple years. Oral health care is negatively impacted by cognitive decline, and consequently poor oral health is common among people with ADRD. Poor oral health status is linked with many undesirable consequences for the well‐being of people with ADRD, from excruciating local pain to life‐threatening conditions, as aspiration pneumonia. In this paper, the authors provide an update on the most current concepts about Alzheimer's disease epidemiology, etiology, and management, current oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease, oral health promotion strategies for this population, as well as current research and future direction for improving oral health care for patients with Alzheimer's disease. It concludes that oral health care should be included in the patient's routine health care as early as possible in the progression of Alzheimer's disease for preventing rapid oral health deterioration. Establishing oral hygiene routines and providing dental treatment that is customized to the patients' individual needs and disease stage are important to achieve good oral health outcomes and prevent quality of life decline.

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between the implementation of mandatory gender quotas on boards and companies' environmental indicators for Italian listed firms from 2010 to 2018. First, based on the upper echelon and resource dependence theories, we expect that the resources provided by female directors appointed under a coercive legal approach will lead to a reduction in firms' greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in recycled waste. These resources are mainly based on female personality, backgrounds and environmental commitment, which improve firms' environmental decision‐making. Second, based on the gender socialisation and overconfidence theories, we expect that women's attention to stakeholders and experts will be negatively related to firms' environmental violations, which result in litigation and penalties. To test our hypotheses we used a content analysis and a staggered difference‐in‐difference multivariate regression model. Our results confirm our expectations for environmental performance and litigation, but not for penalties.

AbstractPurpose/aimTo investigate demographic and systemic health characteristics, and the types of dental procedures performed for adults with autism that had sought care at a dental school.Materials and methodsDe‐identified data were collected from the records of patients aged 18+ who have self‐reported autism. Each patient's age, gender, BMI, mental health, heart disease, xerostomia, tobacco use, alcohol use, diabetes, use of drugs, seizures, and total number of medications, as well as the type and number of dental codes used in the care of that patient within each code category were included as variables.ResultsThe sample was composed by 244 patients. Mean age was 29.8 years (±12.3), 64.8% were males, and mean BMI was 29.9 (±8.1). Mental health condition was reported by 79.9%, heart disease by 25.4%, xerostomia by 21.7%, 20.9% reported using tobacco, 18.9% reported using alcohol, 14.8% reported having diabetes, 10.2% reported using drugs, and 3.7% reported having seizures. The median number of dental procedures per patient was nine, and exams, preventive, operative, and surgical procedures were the most common ones.ConclusionsAdult patients with autism were overweight/obese young males. Most common dental procedures were exams, followed by preventive, operative, and surgical procedures.

AbstractCorporate governance has long been the subject of interest for researchers in business administration. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices decided by boards of directors are now a key issue in the decision‐making process of companies. The relationship between the governance structure and CSR policies is crucial to defining the companies' strategic view. In this paper, we identify how the characteristics of corporate governance impact CSR disclosure. Our findings show that a large board of directors reduces the probability of adhering to practices that involve stakeholders more closely in company activity, while companies with more independent directors have a higher level of stakeholder protection almost by definition. Thus, there is a need for additional ways of involving stakeholders in company activity. Our results also reveal that an overlap between the roles of the CEO and the board chairman is an undesirable influence on a CSR report.

The aim was to inquire on the historical background of Panguipulli Forestry and Timber Complex, a forestry company that emerged in 1971 in the province of Valdivia, South-central Chile. The company managed an area larger than 400,000 hectares and employed over 3,000 workers, functioning under a co-management scheme supported by both workers and state. We carried out a literature review that included scientific articles, books, theses and reports. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with two informants who were involved directly in the historical development of Panguipulli Forestry and Timber Complex. We inquired in both the underlying social processes and direct events that influenced the emergence of the forestry company. A long period of encroachment on indigenous land and the emergence of a rural working-class resulting from the activities of a novel forestry industry fall within the former. While, on the other hand, key political reforms, as well as the coordinated actions led by forestry workers, account for the latter. We argue that the rise of Panguipulli Forestry and Timber Complex is the result of a longstanding attempt by workers and indigenous people to subvert power relations and domination established from the European colonization of the mid-nineteenth century. The research provides relevant information that contributes to the fields of environmental history and local identity, which in turn offer key elements for a current discussion of forestry and rural development. ; El Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli, empresa surgida en 1971 en la provincia de Valdivia, administró un área superior a 400.000 ha y empleó a más de 3.000 trabajadores bajo un esquema de comanejo entre obreros y Estado. El objetivo fue indagar en los procesos sociales que influyeron en la conformación de esta empresa. Se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica que incluyó artículos científicos, trabajos de tesis, informes y libros. Adicionalmente, se realizaron dos entrevistas en profundidad a personas que tuvieron directa participación en el proceso histórico de desarrollo del Complejo. Se indagó tanto en los procesos sociales subyacentes como en los acontecimientos que influyeron directamente en su conformación. Dentro de los primeros, destaca un prolongado período de usurpación de tierra indígena impulsado por el Estado de Chile, así como el posterior surgimiento de una población de obreros forestales y madereros a consecuencia de la explotación industrial de la madera en la zona. Por otro lado, importantes reformas políticas así como la articulación de un movimiento campesino-obrero, están entre las causas directas. La investigación plantea que el surgimiento del Complejo Forestal y Madero Panguipulli es el resultado de un prolongado intento de obreros y mapuche por subvertir las relaciones de poder y dominación instauradas a partir de la colonización europea de mediados del siglo XIX. El trabajo, aporta información relevante en los ámbitos de la historia ambiental y la identidad local, entregando elementos de análisis para una discusión actual sobre el desarrollo forestal y rural.

This book offers a wide selection of contributions presented at the LV Conference of Italian society of agricultural economics (SIDEA) Studies. Agricultural economists and sociologists reflect on the change processes that are affecting the agri-food systems and take a small step towards an improved understanding of the complexity of green metamorphosis, and the interplay between agriculture, food and ecology. The key message is that a green metamorphosis has been taking place, increasingly involving more and more aspects and dimensions: from environment to consumers' preferences, from social value to human health, from profitability to governance issues. Furthermore, this book tries to shed a light on the complexity of the new agricultural paradigm, which involves technology as well as traditions, trying to understand the ongoing metamorphosis taking into account that 'nothing is created, nothing is destroyed, everything is transformed'. This volume intends to guide the new generations of agricultural economists, who have the hard task of leading the green metamorphosis across the four main axes of sustainability: economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and political