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After the great inventions: technological change in UK cotton spinning, 1780–1835
In: The economic history review, Band 75, Heft 1, S. 22-55
ISSN: 1468-0289
AbstractThis article analyses the improvement of cotton‐spinning technologies in the years after the great inventions of Hargreaves, Arkwright, and Crompton. While these 'macro‐inventions' have attracted considerable historical attention, our understanding of the major changes in types and sizes of spinning machines used in the UK between the 1780s and the onset of state‐collected factory statistics in the 1830s is still largely based on the experience of high‐profile firms or specific technologies and regions. A new dataset of 1,465 machinery advertisements published in newspapers in England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1780 and 1835 allows us to examine the temporal and spatial dimensions of the market for cotton‐spinning machinery, the timings of transitions between different spinning machines, and increases in machine size. The article demonstrates the importance of post‐invention technical improvements in the cotton industry, showing that the productivity increases associated with the initial transition from hand to machine spinning have been overstated and that larger gains were made in the 'micro‐invention' phase, when spinning machines became larger and faster, and required fewer workers to operate them.
Is Physiobehavioral Monitoring Nonintrusive? An Examination of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in a Vigilance Task
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 63, Heft 7, S. 1256-1270
ISSN: 1547-8181
Objective The current study was designed to determine whether continuous, physiobehavioral monitoring via transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) has negative effects on human performance or user state in a vigilance task. Background Physiobehavioral measures have been identified as a promising method of user state assessment, in part because they are thought to be relatively nonintrusive. The notion that physiobehavioral measures are nonintrusive should not be taken for granted and needs to be tested empirically. It is possible that, even though physiobehavioral measures do not require input from a user, they may still hinder performance by causing discomfort, distraction, or interfering with physical activities required for task performance. Method The current study employed TCD, a common method of monitoring user vigilance. Participants completed a 40-min vigilance task. During the task, 50% wore TCD apparatus, while 50% did not. Intrusiveness was measured in terms of vigilance performance as well as workload, stress, and simulator sickness. Results Analyses revealed results that mirrored prototypical vigilance findings: performance declined over time, workload was high, distress and reported simulator sickness symptomology increased during the task, while engagement decreased. The presence or absence of TCD monitoring had no direct or interactive effects on performance or user state. Conclusion TCD monitoring of user vigilance appears to be nonintrusive. Application Findings support the recommendation that TCD should be used in research and operational settings where user vigilance is of paramount importance. More broadly, when developing and fielding physiobehavioral state measurement systems, intrusiveness should be considered and evaluated.
Corporate Governance and Mergers and Acquisitions Performance in Banks: Evidence under the Special Regulatory Environment in Taiwan
In: Emerging markets, finance and trade: EMFT, Band 52, Heft 10, S. 2309-2320
ISSN: 1558-0938
Does Law Matter for Corporate Governance and M&A Performance in Banks? Evidence Under the Financial Institutions Merger Act in Taiwan
In: Emerging markets, finance and trade: EMFT
ISSN: 1558-0938
Effects of Industry Clusters on Company Competitiveness: Special Economic Zones in Taiwan
In: Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, Band 16, Heft 3, S. 1350017
ISSN: 1793-6705
According to the Global Competitiveness Report released by the WEF in 2007–2009, Taiwan has been ranked No. 1 in the assessment of industry cluster developments for three consecutive years. It is one of the success stories in the worldwide development of innovation and industry clusters furthermore the creation and driven Taiwan economics development of benchmark is special economic zones. This paper examines the special economic zones and performs an empirical study on industry clusters and company competitiveness. A questionnaire survey is conducted and the statistics are regressed and analyzed. The purpose is to explore the strategic resources of industry clusters in special economic zones, the relationship with company clusters and the effects on company performance. The study finds that the strategic resources of clusters in special economic zones are indeed a key factor that influences the relationship with industry clusters and also enhance enterprise competitive advantage. All the hypotheses are supported. The study also proves that the resources and relationships associated with industry clusters have impacts on company performance and can enhance company competitiveness.
Biological Fieldwork Provision in Higher Education
In: Bioscience education electronic journal: BEE-j, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 1-14
ISSN: 1479-7860
The role of personality in relationship closeness, developer assistance, and career success
In: Journal of vocational behavior, Band 73, Heft 3, S. 440-448
ISSN: 1095-9084
Speed control for a plant packaging reel on a seedling harvester
In: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 167-178
Special problems in the economic analysis of investments in human resources
In: Socio-economic planning sciences: the international journal of public sector decision-making, Band 5, Heft 3, S. 275-283
ISSN: 0038-0121
Economic Returns to Vocational and Comprehensive High School Graduates
In: The journal of human resources, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 25
ISSN: 1548-8004
An Analysis of Geriatric Medicine in Malaysia-Riding the Wave of Political Change
Malaysia became the centre of international attention when it democratically removed a semi-authoritarian government of 62 years during its 14th general election this year. This electoral success has provided geriatric medicine in Malaysia with a high-impact ageing icon by installing the oldest prime minister in the world. A wave of optimism for the expansion of geriatric services in Malaysia, which met with numerous challenges in the last two decades, has emerged as a result of this political change. The number of geriatrics specialists and services had begun to see slow expansions under the previous government. However, existing geriatricians will need to reassess the landscape of delivery and access to care in our rapidly growing ageing population and develop new strategies to truly expand their services. In addition to unrelenting efforts in the recruitment and training of future geriatricians, the steady expansion of the geriatric workforce should take into account the inclusion of geriatric medicine in the undergraduate training curricula of all healthcare professionals. Expansion of geriatric services will also be a cost-effective strategy to reduce the growing national healthcare budget incurred by the growing needs of an ageing population.
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Stability and Expectations: Economic Reform and the NLD Government
In: Southeast Asian Affairs, Band SEAA18, Heft 1, S. 221-242