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In this book, leading international human rights scholars take the familiar idea that 'everything changed' after 9/11 as a starting point for the first critical analysis of continuity and change in the international human rights regime in the 21st century. They analyze it from various levels of the human rights regime, including compliance and violations, normative and political discourses, legal and institutional developments at the national, regional and international levels, and developments in the non-state sector. Written from diverse methodological perspectives, the volume provides rich and varied insights on vital questions concerning the resiliency, weaknesses, and prospects of human rights today.

Transnational human rights activism occupies today a significant place in the practice and scholarship of current global affairs. This article reviews the past successes and limits of this activism and suggests Human Rights Education (HRE) as a strategic tool currently underutilized by activists and rarely taken seriously by academics. We argue that the current practice of transnational human rights activism frequently lacks solid and reciprocal ties to local activists and emphasizes "shaming" and exposure of human rights abuses over their prevention. The professionalization and campaign-driven character of rights activism often increases the distance between transnational activists and local causes and beneficiaries and disconnects the general public from human rights struggles. While claims of impartial activism based on legalistic strategies have the benefit of lifting human rights groups above the fray of politics, the promotion of human rights norms remains a deeply political and contentious struggle. We argue that a greater emphasis on HRE strengthens transnational ties and local support for international human rights standards and leads to societal mobilization beyond the narrow nongovernmental sector.

This open-access book presents cutting-edge research on securitization and democratic development in the OSCE Region. Gathering contributions by practitioners and researchers from various disciplines, it presents case studies and highlights recent activities of proactive engagement in democratic institution-building and responding to security threats from the Balkans to Central Asia. The volume is divided into three parts, the first of which focuses on security-related matters, armed conflicts, minorities, and women's safety, as well as the roles that civil society, foreign governments, social media, and external donors play in this area. These contributions illustrate how the OSCE's informal approach to peace, security, and securitization as norm entrepreneur is closely linked to the level of democracy among its member states. The second part presents a special section on the political implications of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), assessing the impact of this infrastructural program on the levels of democracy and/or autocracy in Eurasia. The third part consists of short chapters outlining future research and debates. The book will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, security studies, and the human rights-politics nexus. This is the 2022 instalment in a series of books released by the OSCE Academy in Bishkek. The OSCE works to promote Minority Protection, Security, Democratic Development and Human Rights, guided by the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), and to enhance securitization and development policies in Eurasia, Europe, Central Asia and North America. Since being founded in 1993, the OSCE and its agencies and departments have attracted a wealth of academic research in various fields and disciplines, ranging from economic development and election monitoring to enhancing global principles of human rights and securitization.

Part I: Security Architecture in Eurasia: Speaking together: Regular Interaction and State Cooperation with OSCE Bodies -- The Impact of Development Aid on Democratic Progress, Economic Development and Corruption in the OSCE Area -- Placing the OSCE within the Eurasian Regional Integration Trends -- Population-based Study of the Eurasian Integration: Assessing the Anti-Eurasian Sentiment in Kazakhstan -- Development Aid in Central Asia: A 'Chessboard' for Great Powers? -- The Afghan Crisis: A Chance to Strengthen Russia's Security Influence in Central Asia -- Main Securitizing and De-securitizing Actors of the OSCE Debate in the Western Balkan Region -- The Russian Policy in the Western Balkans -- Social Security of the States with Limited Recognition: The Case Study of the Republic of Kosovo -- New Opportunities for Peace and Cooperation in the South Caucasus -- Women's Transformative Power in the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict -- Legislating Gender Equality in Kyrgyzstan: Women's Rights, Neo-Traditionalism and the OSCE -- Ending Gender-Based Violence in Kyrgyzstan: reflections on the Spotlight Initiative -- From Social Media To Social Change Online Platforms' Impact On Kazakhstan's Feminist And Civil Activisms -- The political impact of teahouse culture in Central Asia -- Part II: Special Section – China's Belt and Road Initiative: A Curse or a Blessing for Democracy in Eurasia?: China's Belt and Road Initiative: Curse or Blessing for Democracy in Eurasia? -- An Overview of China's Belt and Road Initiative and its Development since 2013 -- Official Visions of Democracy in Xi Jinping's China -- Varieties of Authoritarianism in Eurasia -- The Belt and Road Initiative and Sustainable Urban Development in Central Asia -- A Sceptical Neighbor: Perceptions of Chinese Investments in Kyrgyzstan -- Opportunities and Risks of the Belt and Road Initiative in Ukraine -- Chinese Linkage and Democracy in Pakistan -- Democracy and Human Rights in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative -- The Belt and Road Initiative and Autocracy Promotion as Elements of China's Grand Strategy -- Glocal Governance and Anocratic States along the BRI -- Part III: Future Research and Debates: Fracturing Technological Governance across the OSCE Domain and its Political Implications -- Heritage Diplomacy, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Balkans: A Soft Practice for Frozen Hardships.

Der Beitrag zur Entwicklung und Institutionalisierung der Menschenrechte in Europa beschreibt die Bemühungen der UN und ihrer Suborganisationen, durch Wissensvermittlung die Menschenrechte jedem Menschen zugänglich zu machen, ungeachtet des kulturellen und sozialen Hintergrunds. Der erste Schritt bestimmt zunächst die Bildungsaufgabe 'Menschenrechte' und skizziert das Ziel der Dekade der Menschenrechts-Bildung (1995-2004), proklamiert durch die UN-Generalversammlung 1994. Der zweite Schritt betrachtet die Themen und Zielgruppen der Dekade und analysiert die UN-Evaluation und weitere Aktivitäten seitens der UN und der UNESCO nach Beendigung der Dekade. Im dritten Schritt diskutieren die Autoren ihr eigenes Forschungsprojekt zum Verhältnis von Menschenrechten und Minderheiten und erklären, warum die Fokussierung auf Minderheiten interessante Informationen über Gesamtgesellschaften offenbart. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die Befunde (Bildung zu den Menschenrechten mit Minderheiten und ihre Hauptakteure) präsentiert und die Aktivitäten in einigen europäischen Ländern aufgezeigt, die im Zuge der UN-Dekade dem Unterrichtsgegenstand der Menschenrechte im Bildungssystem eine hohe Priorität beigemessen haben (wollen). (ICG). Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 1995 bis 2005.

Im Mittelpunkt stehen in diesem Buch die Fragen nach den Ursachen von Flucht und Vertreibung, nach einzelnen Fluchtregionen und nach Zufluchtgebieten, aber auch nach den Erfahrungen von Flüchtenden mit Heimatverlust und Exil. Ziel des Buches ist es, derart die Sensibilität für den Problemkreis Flucht und Flüchtlinge zu schärfen und unbedachten Bedrohungsszenarien entgegenzuwirken. Dabei soll auch in Erinnerung gerufen werden, was in den Diskussionen der letzten Jahre um das Grundrecht auf Asyl hierzulande vielfach in den Hintergrund geraten ist: daß es bei Flüchtlingen in erster Linie um Menschen geht, die auf der Flucht ihre Heimat ebenso wie ihre Habe verloren haben und meist um ihre bloße Existenz fürchten müssen

I. Human Rights and Democratic Movements in Armenia - Human Rights as an "Attractor" of Europeanization Processes of Transcaucasian "Neither War nor Peace Societies" (Artur Mkrtichyan) - Human Rights Defender's Office Armenia (Larisa Alaverdyan) - The Factor of Human Rights Protection as Criteria for the Development in the Social System (Hovhannes Hovhannisyan) - Two Priorities and Two Suggestions in Leading the Way to Human Rights Protection (Gevork Manoukian) - Intrastate Mechanisms of the Protection of Human Political Rights and Freedoms in Armenia (Ashot A. Alexanyan) - The Future of Democracy in Armenia: Institutional and Mass Beliefs Perspectives (Alexander Markarov) II. Human Rights and Education in Armenia - Human Rights in the System of Civic Education Values (Valery Poghosyan) - The Role of Academic Knowledge in Maintaining Tolerance (Ani Muradyan) - Rights of a Child or Duties of Adults.? (Mira Antonyan) - The Right to Education for Children with Special Needs: Inclusive Education in Armenia (Marina Hovhannissyan) - Human Rights Awareness and UNDP Evaluation in Armenia (Kristina Henschen) - Human Rights Education in Armenia – A Base Line Study (Litit Umroyan; Lucig Danielian) III. Human Rights and Minorities in Armenia - Human Rights, Minorities and Human Rights Education in Armenia: An External Perspective (Claudia Mahler; Anja Mihr; Reetta Toivanen) - Minorities and Identity in Armenia (Tatevik Margaryan) - Legal and Real Opportunities for the National Minorities Residing on the Territory of the Republic of Armenia (Hranush Kharatyan)