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The article analyses the reasons for the complication of trade and economic relations between the European Union and the United States in recent years. The first section is devoted to the failed bilateral TTIP project, which was given strategic importance under the Obama administration. The destructive role of the Trump administration's policy toward the EU is noted. The hopes of improving bilateral relations after the arrival of the Biden administration were justified to a limited extent. New areas of conflict have emerged alongside the resolution of existing trade disputes. The Inflation Reduction Act adopted in the U.S. in 2022 became the most acute cause for discord. It has not yet been possible to reach a full agreement on how to mitigate negative consequences of this law for the EU. The EU, for its part, is forced to take retaliatory measures to protect its interests, including by strengthening its technological sovereignty, protection from economic coercion by third countries, etc. The analysis of emerging contradictions between the U.S. and Europe in the 21st century in trade and economic sphere leads to the conclusion that their most important cause is the increase in geopolitical rivalry throughout the world, due to which trade is progressively affected by geo-political reasons. At the same time, the problem of confrontation with China intensifies the differences between the U.S. and the EU.

El planteo que sigue tiene como marco de referencia el desarrollo anterior del trabajo "Jean-Jacques Rousseau y las condiciones morales de la democracia" (Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias Humanas) y el potencial desarrollo de un trabajo sobre la posibilidad de la virtud cívica republicana en las sociedades contemporáneas (que intentará llegar a la forma de una Tesis de Doctorado). Al analizar el concepto de libertad desarrollado por Hannah Arendt, no puede dejar de sentirse cierta sorpresa y perplejidad. Su concepto queda en una especie de "no-lugar" en el debate político moderno y contemporáneo. Arendt deja de lado cualquier mención al debate entre los sentidos positivo y negativo de la libertad (Berlin, 2000), tampoco hace alusión alguna a la distinción entre la libertad de los antiguos y la libertad de los modernos (Constant, 2013) y menos aún, ya por cuestiones biográficas, podría haber analizado el concepto de libertad como no dominación trabajado por Pettit (1999). ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Ilia Xypolia receives funding from the European Union's Framework 7 Programme, grant number 320214. ; Publisher PDF

At head of title: Rossīĭsskai͡a kommunisticheskai͡a partīi͡a (Bolśhevikov). M. P. Pavlovich (Mikh. Velt́man). ; Mode of access: Internet. ; grad: MiU lacks v.1

This article presents research findings from selected rural communities that were struck in 2007 by one of the largest fires in history in Greece. The restoration policies implemented resulted in a class-differentiated recovery process. The article examines this development in the context of neoliberal policies and argues that political context should be a locus of intervention.

Provided is an updated information on Lyme disease in dogs and horses. Described are the etiology, the epidemiology, the pathogenesis, the clinical presentation, the pathological changes, the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis, with a special attention paid to the co-infection therapy and the prophylaxis. Reflected is the latest scientific data worldwide. Provided are the most recent studies in Bulgaria in dogs, horses, and also in the vector of the disease Ixodes ricinus. Analyzed is a large number of interesting clinical case studies at home and abroad. The materials have been extensively illustrated with photos, tables and nosogeographic maps. To discussion are subjected the specifics in the therapy, as well as the problems in the healing process. The author emphasized in many places his personal contribution to the studies of Lyme disease. ; BG; bg; EFSAfocalpoint@mzh.government.bg

AbstractThis paper uses the institutional economics of Douglass North to explain three features of the shale boom: why fracking technology emerged in the United States, the rapid increase in production of natural gas in the United States and the uneven response to these new economic opportunities in shale-rich economies. It argues that the institutional matrix of the United States, in particular private ownership of minerals, encouraged experimentation on the barren Texas oil and gas fields, where fracking technology emerged and the rapid transfer of mineral rights to gas companies. Institutional entrepreneurs, namely landmen and lawyers, facilitated contracting between owners of mineral rights and drillers. Private ownership of minerals and an ideology supportive of drilling provide insight into the adoption of regulations that encourage hydraulic fracturing.

Leishmaniases are vector-borne protozoan diseases. In Bulgaria the most common form of manifestation is the visceral leishmaniasis – affecting both people and animals. It was initially established in people as a non-autochthonous leishmaniasis in 1921, and as autochthonous in 1937 by Mollov C. (Gruev , 1949); over the past 25 years there it has been registered annually (Harizanov 2012). In dogs, since it had been established in 2006, in the first two clinical cases of Rottweilers in Petrich (Tsachev, 2010), is being also annually identified (Tsachev, 2015). Focusing on Bulgaria, leishmaniasis in dogs is represented by its modern etiologic and current nosogeographic characteristics - by countries, regions and years. Described are the clinical symptoms, the hematological and biochemical changes and the morphological findings. Special attention is paid to the diagnostic methods and approach to sick animals. Discussed are the treatment options and the preventive measures against L.infantum. Leishmaniasis in humans in Bulgaria is presented in terms of veterinary public health – nosogeography, morbidity, mortality and clinical cases. ; BG; bg; EFSAfocalpoint@mzh.government.bg