Suchergebnisse

Emigracija visokoobrazovanih je globalan fenomen, vidljiv kroz transkontinentalnu migraciju iz nerazvijenih u razvijena područja. Države Zapadnog Balkana, rangirane su kao visoko emigraciona područja, posebno u odnosu na kvalifikovanu radnu snagu. Kako bi se umanjile socio-ekonomske posledice emigracije, država je poslednjih godina izgradila normativni i institucionalni okvir za upravljanje ovim kompleksnim procesom. Međutim, niz socio-ekonomskih i političkih faktora, predstavljaju izazov u implementiranju mera i ograničavaju domete za postizanje "win-win" efekta u odnosu na kategoriju visokoobrazovanih potencijalnih emigranata. Rad se zasniv na primeni SWOT analize i realizaciji tri fokus grupe sa studentima osnovnih i postdiplomskih studija, kao i sa visokoobrazovanim licima u radnom odnosu. U radu fokus grupa učestvovalo je ukupno 15 učesnika, uzrasta od 20 do 40 godina. Takođe, u analizi su korišćeni rezultati kvantitativnih istraživanja, relevantne domaće i strane naučne i stručne literature. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na zaključak da, uprkos postojećim naporima, još uvek nije uspostavljen dubinski pristup u upravljanju spoljnim migracijama visokoobrazovanih u Srbiji. Limitiran pristup ogleda se u nerazvijenim mehanizmima praćenja ovog aspekta migracija, kao i kroz predominantno isticanje ekonomskih motiva kao potisnih faktora. Tako se isključuje niz drugih psiholoških i socijalnih motiva povezanih sa potrebom za samorealizacijom individue i životom u inkluzivnoj političkoj zajednici.

This paper deals with a critical stage in the dissolution of the Soviet
Communist (Bolshevik) Party?s domination in the Communist commonwealth. The
gradual emancipation of European Communist parties, starting with Yugoslavia
(1948), through the developments that caused the Soviet interventions in
Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968), gave birth to independent
strategies of political struggle, autonomous from Moscow?s ideological
centre, which were implemented by the largest Communist parties in Western
Europe. The attempts aimed at the syncretism of the communist platform, and
ideas of political rights and adapting to the parliamentary regime resulted
in the ?Third Road? movement, which strove to unify the positive experiences
of the two ideologically opposed sides of the Cold War international
constellation. Although it was a belated and, eventually - purely
ideological concept, the movement itself and the idea of Eurocommunism has
remained as an important testimony of an attempt at finding new paths in the
struggle for a more just society.

The subject of this paper is the sociolinguistic aspect of attitudes towards language, included as an unavoidable factor in foreign language learning. The aim of this research is to examine the influence the age of the students or the attitudes of their parents have on attitude formation towards learning a foreign language. The descriptive scientific research method as well as the scaling technique for examining attitudes used on the corpus in this research consisted of students aged 9 and 13 years who attend primary school and learn German as a foreign language. Having in mind that numerous factors contribute to mastering a foreign language, the research will show whether and to what extent the age of the students or the attitudes of their parents affect the formation of students' attitudes towards learning a foreign language. Research results can contribute to pedagogical practice as well as to restoring existing knowledge about the importance of attitudes in foreign language teaching.

This article studies how possible it is to use the need to protect vulnerable populations, such as children, as a justification to limit freedom of expression in democratic societies. The research was designed and conducted based on the idea that the regulation of speech and access to content is not only a matter of law and legislative interpretations, but also a question of social norms and values. The study is based on two surveys, one implemented with a representative sample of Norwegians aged 15 and older, the other with a sample of journalists. The results show that for the general population sample, 76% of respondents agreed that the protection of weak groups, such as children, is more important than freedom of expression. The data analysis also shows that gender, education, religious affiliation, trust in media and fear of a terrorist attack are all linked to the likelihood of agreeing with this statement. Women are 66% more likely than men to be in favour of limiting freedom of expression to protect weak groups, such as children. While the numbers of those who agree are lower among journalists, up to 50% of journalists still totally or partially agree that protecting weak groups is more important than freedom of expression. We discuss the policy implications of these results for democratic societies.

The protection of rights and disabled persons' safety are the most sensitive elements of social development policy, and also economic and social policy. Nowadays, disability should be viewed from a human rights perspective. One of the problems pertaining to the employment of persons with physical disabilities is infrastructure (architectural barriers) on the one hand, and organized transport on the other. The main objective of this paper is to consider the issue of transportation for employees with physical disabilities, which is a significant factor for providing employment opportunities for these persons in the Republic of Serbia. The overall aim of this paper is to determine the ergonomically most suitable and economically acceptable technical solution using the AHP method when adapting the existing vehicles into the vehicles intended for the transport of persons with mobility impairments. ; Zaštita prava i bezbednost osoba sa invaliditetom jedan je od najdelikatnijih elemenata društveno-razvojne, ekonomske i pre svega socijalne politike uopšte. Zbog toga se položaj osoba sa invaliditetom danas mora posmatrati pre svega kao pitanje ljudskih prava. Jedan od problema prilikom zapošljavanja osoba sa telesnim invaliditetom jeste infrastrukturne prirode (arhitektonske barijere), sa jedne strane, i organizovani prevoz, sa druge strane. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je sagledavanje problema prevoza zaposlenih sa telesnim invaliditetom, što predstavlja jedan od značajnih faktora prilikom zapošljavanja ovih lica u Republici Srbiji. Krajnji cilj ovog rada jeste da se primenom AHP metode utvrdi ergonomski najpodobnije i ekonomski najprihvatljivije tehničko rešenje prilikom prilagođavanja postojećih vozila u vozila namenjena za prevoz nepokretnih osoba.

The phenomenon of cyberbullying is gaining ever more attention by media and policy makers in many countries. Theoretical frameworks using a socio-ecological approach emphasise the importance of contextual explanatory factors located at the societal level. It has been suggested that in addition to cross-national differences, the analysis of smaller units of more adjacent cultural contexts (i.e., regions) might yield more explanatory power. Leaning on previous findings and theory, the current paper aims to identify and compare contextual explanatory factors associated with social inequality (i.e., crime rates, GDP, life expectancy and population density) for variation in cyber- and face-to-face bullying victimisation rates within one sample. Moreover, corresponding explanatory factors are investigated across national and regional levels. Cyber- and face-to-face bullying victimisation of 15,813 9-16 year olds (50% female) from the cross-national survey data of EU Kids Online were linked with contextual variables of 18 countries and 179 regions obtained from data of the European Social Survey (ESS). Hierarchical multilevel-modelling analyses, adding first regional and then country level contextual predictors for bullying victimisation, were performed. Against expectations, differences for cyber- and face-to-face victimisation between regions within countries were smaller than differences between countries. Regional level life expectancy showed a negative and crime rates showed a marginal positive relation with both cyber- and face-to-face victimisation. Population density showed a negative and GDP a positive relationship with cyber- but not face-to-face victimisation. Adding the same predictors on the country level did not improve model fit. Possible research and policy implications are discussed.

The phenomenon of cyberbullying is gaining ever more attention by media and policy makers in many countries. Theoretical frameworks using a socio-ecological approach emphasise the importance of contextual explanatory factors located at the societal level. It has been suggested that in addition to cross-national differences, the analysis of smaller units of more adjacent cultural contexts (i.e., regions) might yield more explanatory power. Leaning on previous findings and theory, the current paper aims to identify and compare contextual explanatory factors associated with social inequality (i.e., crime rates, GDP, life expectancy and population density) for variation in cyber- and face-to-face bullying victimisation rates within one sample. Moreover, corresponding explanatory factors are investigated across national and regional levels. Cyber- and face-to-face bullying victimisation of 15,813 9-16 year olds (50% female) from the cross-national survey data of EU Kids Online were linked with contextual variables of 18 countries and 179 regions obtained from data of the European Social Survey (ESS). Hierarchical multilevel-modelling analyses, adding first regional and then country level contextual predictors for bullying victimisation, were performed. Against expectations, differences for cyber- and face-to-face victimisation between regions within countries were smaller than differences between countries. Regional level life expectancy showed a negative and crime rates showed a marginal positive relation with both cyber- and face-to-face victimisation. Population density showed a negative and GDP a positive relationship with cyber- but not face-to-face victimisation. Adding the same predictors on the country level did not improve model fit. Possible research and policy implications are discussed.

As digital opportunities emerge in the visual arts—to produce multimedia art and digital scholarship, publish online, and hold online museum exhibitions—old copyright frustrations have worsened in a field where getting permissions is routine. A national survey of 2828 visual arts professionals, combined with 100 in-depth interviews of visual arts practitioners throughout the United States, explored how visual arts professionals use the US copyright doctrine of fair use. Results showed widespread lack of confidence and misconceptions about fair use; resulting exaggerated risk assessment; personal and social relations within the community that deter reliance on fair use; and consequent delays, deformations, and failure to execute mission.

The phenomenon of cyberbullying is gaining ever more attention by media and policy makers in many countries. Theoretical frameworks using a socio-ecological approach emphasize the importance of explanatory factors located at the wider societal level. However, cross-national evidence suggests that individual level differences in cyberbullying are generally larger than the differences across countries. Hence, it has been suggested that analysis of smaller units of more adjacent cultures (i.e., communities) might yield more explanatory power. Leaning on findings for traditional bullying, the current paper aims to identify contextual explanatory factors (e.g., crime rates, population density) for variation in cyberbullying victimization rates. Moreover, explanatory factors at the national and community levels are compared. Cyberbullying victimization from the cross-national survey data of the EU Kids Online project was linked with contextual variables obtained from data of the European Social Survey (ESS). Contextual variables were obtained on the country level and, in order to reflect the wider community, levels 1 or 2 of the "European Union's Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics" (NUTS). EU Kids Online and ESS data were linked on 24 countries and 203 NUTS regions. Country and regional level correlations with cyberbullying victimization rates were conducted. Further, multilevel-modeling analyses with country and regional level contextual predictors of cyberbullying victimization on the individual level were performed. The amount of variation in cyberbullying explained by country, regional and individual levels was compared, illuminating the contribution of each level from a socio-ecological perspective. Implications for communities and policy makers are discussed.