Suchergebnisse

This article examines Russian engineers' social imagination about the future through the professional discussions held at the electrotechnical congresses in the nineteenth century. Formulating the prospective future of the industry, the state and society was a collective endeavor, a process in which the identity and mission of engineers were crystallized. Through envisioning the future of technology and its role in the society, engineers revealed their cultural role as mediators between technological innovation, and both the wider public and the state. In order to better understand the manifestations of the shared cultural understandings of a desirable future and social order, the article resorts to Sheila Jasanoff's concept of sociotechnical imaginaries (Jasanoff & Kim, 2015). The engineering community's sociotechnical imagination about electricity was shaped around the transformative possibilities of this technology. It was believed that electrical engineering was able not only to accelerate industrial production, but also to solve social, medical and cultural problems, thereby uniting the Russian Empire. Descriptions of the rational, comfortable and beautiful world of the electrified future overlapped in engineering discussions, journalism and science fiction. Positive scenarios emphasized the advantages of electrical engineering and bypassed the problems associated with electrification, constructing an idea of its inevitability. The electrical engineer became a kind of a new cultural hero, who knew how to make a working device or system, and also filled the task of linking the development of technology to the development of society.

In the developed countries, small and medium business is a full-fledged, significant participant of economy who is treated not by the residual principle, and it is the development driver for primary branches of the states. At the moment time the development problem of small and medium business is one of the main tasks for executive bodies of all levels of power in Russia, so the Government of the Russian Federation approved profile Strategy till 2030 and the plan for its realization in which its main performers are fixed.Despite a huge amount of the materials devoted to the description of various forms, methods and mechanisms of small and medium business support it is represented extremely important to show experience of the Russian Federation in the matter in the aggregated look. Within article authors tried to analyze activity of the public authorities responsible for development and small and medium business support, and also to provide in a condensed form information on the main federal services realizing state support in the territory by types of the provided measures.Conclusions of authors that in Russia there is a big variety of types of the state support, however, all the same it insufficiently are presented in the conclusion, and introduction of effective system on estimates of results of its activity is required.

A brief history of development of the Department Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Constructions SHEE "Prydniprov'ska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture" is shown on the basis of the organic unity of components of "education – science – industry". The team achievements of the Department shows that the best traditions still has been living, deepening and expanding along with the positive changes taking place in the social and political and economic life of our country Ukraine that were laid out by past generations. ; Приведен краткий исторический обзор развития кафедры железобетонных и каменных конструкций ГВУЗ «Приднепровская государственная академия строительства и архитектуры» на основе органического единства компонентов «образование − наука − производство». Достижения коллектива кафедры свидетельствуют, что лучшие традиции, которые были заложены прошлыми поколениями, живут, наследуются и расширяются вместе с положительными изменениями, происходящими в общественно–политической и экономической жизни нашей родины – Украины. ; Наведено короткий історичний огляд розвитку кафедри залізобетонних та кам'яних конструкцій ДВНЗ «Придніпровська державна академія будівництва та архітектури» на основі органічної єдності компонентів «освіта – наука – виробництво». Досягнення колективу кафедри свідчать, що кращі традиції, закладені минулими поколіннями, живуть, поглиблюються та розширюються разом із позитивними змінами, що відбуваються в суспільно–політичному та економічному житті нашої батьківщини – України.

In the developed countries, small and medium business is a full-fledged, significant participant of economy who is treated not by the residual principle, and it is the development driver for primary branches of the states. At the moment time the development problem of small and medium business is one of the main tasks for executive bodies of all levels of power in Russia, so the Government of the Russian Federation approved profile Strategy till 2030 and the plan for its realization in which its main performers are fixed.Despite a huge amount of the materials devoted to the description of various forms, methods and mechanisms of small and medium business support it is represented extremely important to show experience of the Russian Federation in the matter in the aggregated look. Within article authors tried to analyze activity of the public authorities responsible for development and small and medium business support, and also to provide in a condensed form information on the main federal services realizing state support in the territory by types of the provided measures.Conclusions of authors that in Russia there is a big variety of types of the state support, however, all the same it insufficiently are presented in the conclusion, and introduction of effective system on estimates of results of its activity is required.

The article studies lexical, syntactical, and stylistic means of selfpresentation of Eu. Roizman, Mayor of Yekaterinburg ; Статья посвящена исследованию лексико-синтаксических и изобразительно-выразительных языковых средств самопрезентации мэра г. Екатеринбурга Е. Ройзмана

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The growing role and involvement of Artificial Intelligence in modern digital enterprises leads to a considerable reduction of personnel and reorientation of the remaining staff to new responsibilities. However, in many areas like services and support the total elimination of the employed human resources still remains impossible. It is proposed to study the organisational problem of finding the optimal proportion of computer agents and human actors in the mixed collaborative environment.

Methods: Using the technology of semantic and statistical analysis, we developed an original model of computer agents' and human actors' cooperative interaction and an optimization method, which is novel in considering the focus of the executors while calculating the compliance indicators.

Results: The problem was studied by an example of service desk automation. Considering the semantics of the problem domain in the form of ontology introduces the logic for better distribution and automation of tasks.

Conclusion: In a modern digital enterprise there exists and can be estimated a rational balance between the computer agents and human actors, which becomes a significant indicator of its performance. In general, human actors are preferable for processing unpredictable events in real time, while agents are better at the modelling and simulation.

The paper updates the scientific discussion on the relationship between the notions of labor and employment in sociology. The author addresses the issue of the need to construct a sociological theory of employment that will allow one to systematize the theoretical and methodological ideas about the role and significance of these social phenomena for the social reproduction. The basis of this process is labor activity; its characteristics determine the specific features of the life of each person as a member of society. Thus, the author focuses on the public nature of the origin and reproduction of both labor and employment analyzing existing approaches to understanding the labor relations. The public nature of employment is explained by the evolving historical development of society and economy. It changes its forms depending on the type of labor relations inherent in any type of economy.