Suchergebnisse

Resumen: Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de un proyecto que rastrea la evolución histórica de los sistemas electorales en 21 países de América. La primera sección revisa la literatura existente sobre el tema y resume los objetivos del proyecto. En la segunda sección los autores describen el enfoque adoptado y la información recolectada. La tercera parte ofrece una clasificación de los sistemas electorales de América para el período 1900-2004. En la cuarta sección los autores describen la evolución histórica de los sistemas electorales, y concluyen con una hipótesis de trabajo que postula la afinidad entre el presidencialismo autoritario y los procedimientos que distorsionan la proporcionalidad. En el apéndice se ofrece un sumario de la información recolectada por el proyecto hasta el momento. ; Abstract: This article presents the preliminary results of a project which search the historical evolution of the electoral systems of 21 American countries. The first section checks the literature on this issue and summarizes the project objectives. In the second section the authors describe the adopted perspective and the collected information. The third part offers a classification of the American electoral systems for the 1900-2004 period. In the fourth section the authors describe the historical evolution of the electoral systems, and conclude with a hypothesis which suggests the affinity between the authoritarian presidentialism and non proportional mechanisms. On the appendix the authors offers a summary of the information recollected by the project.

Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of dialogic oversight, a process by which judicial bodies monitor compliance through a combination of mandated state reporting, third-party engagement, and supervision hearings. To assess the effectiveness of this strategy in the international arena, we evaluate the supervision hearings conducted by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. We employ propensity-score matching, difference-in-difference estimators, and event-history models to analyze compliance with 1,878 reparation measures ordered by the Court between 1989 and 2019. We find that dialogic oversight has moderate but positive effects, increasing the probability of state compliance by about 3 percent per year (a substantial effect compared to the baseline rate of implementation). However, it requires the engagement of civil society to yield positive outcomes. Our framework connects related findings in distant literatures on constitutional law and international organizations.

Abstract
This paper integrates the scholarship on compliance with international human rights courts to reflect upon how the literature approaches delays and compliance cycles. Building on this review, we propose a new analytical approach that helps distinguish between reparations prone to immediate or protracted implementation. We introduce two metrics to facilitate the interpretation of delays: the yearly probability of compliance and the expected time to compliance. We also show, using machine-learning tools, how scholars can reconstruct life cycles of compliance. The article illustrates the utility of this approach with an analysis of all cases decided by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) between 1989 and 2019. This analytical framework provides critical insights for courts and activists seeking to promote interventions at key moments when compliance is most likely. Moreover, the study underscores important lessons for the Inter-American Human Rights System. Current concerns about a compliance "crisis" at the IACtHR partly reflect a failure to distinguish between reparation types and the Court's preference for reparations requiring protracted implementation. By modeling compliance life cycles, our study opens a promising research avenue that can facilitate effectual and timely policy intervention.