Suchergebnisse

The specification of various spatial demarcations, from nation-states to gated communities, has typically entailed a kind of gating, that is, the further specification of the conditions of their proper navigation.

Because of the inherent complexity of biological systems, there is often a choice between a number of apparently equally applicable physiologically based models to describe uptake and metabolism processes in toxicology or risk assessment. These models may fit the particular data sets of interest equally well, but may give quite different parameter estimates or predictions under different (extrapolated) conditions. Such competing models can be discriminated by a number of methods, including potential refutation by means of strategic experiments, and their ability to suitably incorporate all relevant physiological processes. For illustration, three currently used models for steady‐state hepatic elimination—the venous equilibration model, the parallel tube model, and the distributed sinusoidal perfusion model—are reviewed and compared with particular reference to their application in the area of risk assessment. The ability of each of the models to describe and incorporate such physiological processes as protein binding, precursor‐metabolite relations and hepatic zones of elimination, capillary recruitment, capillary heterogeneity, and intrahepatic shunting is discussed. Differences between the models in hepatic parameter estimation, extrapolation to different conditions, and interspecies scaling are discussed, and criteria for choosing one model over the others are presented. In this case, the distributed model provides the most general framework for describing physiological processes taking place in the liver, and has so far not been experimentally refuted, as have the other two models. These simpler models may, however, provide useful bounds on parameter estimates and on extrapolations and risk assessments.

Rural enterprise business development: the developed world context / Peter Robinson & Alison Murray -- Selling to consumers / Sammy Li, Roya Rahimi & Nikolaos Stylos -- Sustainability, CSR and ethics : developed economies perspective / Caroline Wiscombe -- Community engagement and rural tourism enterprise / Peter Wiltshier -- Social enterprise and the rural landscape / Caroline Wiscombe, Liz Heyworth, Sandy Ryder, Lucy Maynard & Charles Dobson -- The rural business environment in developing economies / Solomon Olorunfemi Olubiyo & Ade Oriade -- Marketing and communications and rural business in developing countries / Abiodun Elijah Obayelu & Nikolaos Stylos -- Consumers and rural tourism in developing economies / Vivienne Saverimuttu and Maria Estela Varua -- Sustainability and ethics in rural business and tourism in the developing world /Weng Marc Lim and Sine Heitman -- Community engagement, rural institutions and rural tourism business in developing countries / Anahita Malek, Fabio Carbone & Asia Alder -- Challenges and strategies for rural business operations in developed and developing economies /Ade Oriade and Peter Robinson -- Developing and growing knowledge within rural tourism enterprises / Tony Greenwood and Jo Tate -- Collaborate to innovate : challenges and strategies for rural business to innovate / Ainurul Rosli, Jane Chang and Maria L. Granados -- Strategies for rural business growth / Crispin Dale, Neil Robinson and Mike Evans -- Opportunities for growth : the rural tourism policy and planning perspective / Caroline Wiscombe and Steve Gelder -- Conclusion / Ade Oriade and Peter Robinson

This book examines the working lives, retirement plans, and old age experiences of three generations of gay men born 1924-86. It draws on data collected from interviews with 82 men in Australia, England, New Zealand, and USA. The first half of the book concentrates on the men's working lives, while the second half of the book explores the interviewees' concerns about old age and retirement. The author analyses the men's contrasting stories, highlighting key generational differences in their experience of being 'out' in the workplace and the dominant work narratives which emerge in each age group. This important work will have cross-disciplinary appeal to scholars of sociology, gerontology, health sciences, gender, queer, and gay and lesbian studies, as well as practitioners.