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This article argues for the importance of Princess E.S. Urusova's four poems published between 1772 and 1777 to scholarly discussions of both classical reception and noble culture. Urusova engages more intensively than any other Russian writer of the period with the European Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, formulating thereby unique responses to major literary and political concerns of the 1770s. In the literary sphere, the Quarrel allows Urusova to conceptualize with exceptional perspicacity the multifaceted cultural environment of the time: contributing to Russia's claim to be the direct heir of the Greeks and Romans, she also makes the interesting case that the emerging culture of sensibility ideally equips readers and writers to absorb the classics. In the political sphere, by evoking the framework of ancient virtue through classical intertexts, she envisages an alliance between the sovereign and a strong nobility based on both cultural refinement and a sense of duty and service to the nation. Urusova's case shows how imitating and reinterpreting the classics helped one woman to find her voice as a poet in eighteenth-century Russia.

The article provides a detailed analysis of the historiography of F. M. Dostoevsky, as well as a study of his creative heritage. The questions of the spiritual and moral foundations of human existence, the role of religion and the church in the social and political life of the country, the originality of the Russian people are relevant in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky. The authors conclude that Dostoevsky put forward a number of socio-political and socio-historical themes related to the role of Russia and the Russian people in the development of European and world civilization. At the same time, the article notes the actual ambiguity of the assessment of the work of F. M. Dostoevsky, provides examples of the influence of changes in the socio-political situation in the country on the assessment of the work of the great Russian writer.

The paper is dedicated to analysis of general factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff in the Russian Federation and also to modeling of one of them. In the work there are six objective factors: economic status of country and labour market state, scientific and technical policy, political and legal situation, globalization and international differentiation of labor, financial standing of population, and state of educational system. The analysis of dynamics of number of specialists of higher qualification level in area of natural and technical sciences witnesses increasing attraction of engineers to economy of the country and strengthening of their positions on labour market. In this connection the task of own production development and support of the branches, which are not belong to primary production, appear to be one of the most important for future economic development. Despite acute need of economy for engineering and technical workers, many of them, as researches show, feel socially unprotected. One of the main factors for formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff is the educational system, while one of the main stages is the training in graduate school. To model this process the present work uses the functional modeling methodology that is also known as Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT). As a result of SADT-modeling using four general processes of formation of engineering and scientific-and-technological staff were distinguished: (1) collaboration with branch research institutes; (2) specialized companies integration; (3) creation of interdepartmental complexes for realization of cross-disciplinary projects; (4) execution of cross-disciplinary projects and making of master's thesis. The goal of the first project is the formation of magistrand's competences linked to carrying-out of work scientific and research and developmental works. The goal of the second process is the formation of magistrand's competences linked to competences linked to manufacturing activity of corresponding branch. The third process is aimed at the formation of academic, regulatory and organizational provision and realization of cross-disciplinary projects. The goal of the last process is the execution of cross-disciplinary projects by magistrands and making of master's thesis at the end of training in graduate school. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s3p123

Ekaterina Klimenko beskæftiger sig med Ruslands interesser og politik i Arktis.

The article contains the results of research on historical continuity and parallelism between concrete eidetic verbal thinking and abstract conceptual verbal thinking. We demonstrate how sensory images acquire a symbolic function, expressing abstract ideas, and how events of the inner (mental) world are modeled by using images of events of the outer (material) world. In the course of historical evolution, on its way to becoming abstract, human thinking inherited patterns developed at previous stages; new ideas concerning the world are based on old ones, used as a foundation. The cognitive basis of abstract thinking consists of sensory images. By way of illustration, we study the cognitive pattern 'Mental Phenomena' belonging to the English linguoculture, in which images of events occurring in the objective (material) world serve as models of events occurring in the subjective (mental) world. The results of this process are embodied in the meanings, the inner form, and the combinability of units of the English language. The examples given in the article show that the sensory substrate has deeply and organically grown into abstract thinking and latently influences it. Even scientific abstract thinking is not free from sensory visualization; the latter acts as its cognitive substrate. This visualization, which makes it possible to model objects by analogy, plays a useful role in scientific thinking. In many units of the English language having an abstract meaning and included into the semantic field 'Mental Phenomena', a concrete meaning may be found at some point of their semantic evolution. This is a manifestation of historical continuity and structural parallelism between concrete and abstract thinking.