Suchergebnisse

PART I: PERSPECTIVES AND METHODS: Evolutionary analyses in social psychology / Eugene Burnstein and Christine Branigan -- The cultural grounding of social psychological theory / Joan G. Miller -- A lifespan developmental perspective / Kevin Durkin -- Cognitive indices of social information processing / John N. Bassili -- The psychophysiological perspective on the social mind / Piotr Winkielman, Gary G. Berntson, and John T. Cacioppo -- PART II: COGNITION: Mental representation / Eliot R. Smith and Sarah Queller -- The social unconscious / Mahzarin R. Banaji, Kristi M. Lemm, and Siri J. Carpenter -- Language and social cognition / Gun R. Semin -- Conversational processes in reasoning and explanation / Denis J. Hilton and Ben R. Slugoski -- The heuristics and biases approach to judgment of uncertainty / Dale Griffin, Richard Gonzalez, and Carol Varey -- How the mind moves: knowledge accessibility and the fine-tuning of the cognitive system / Leonard L. Martin, Fritz Strack, and Diederik A. Stapel -- Standards, expectancies, and social comparison / Monica Biernat and Laura S. Billings -- Individual differences in information processing / Peter Suedfeld and Philip E. Tetlock -- PART III: SOCIAL MOTIVATION: Self-regulation / Charles S. Carver -- Gaol setting and goal striving / Gabriele Oettingen and Peter M. Gollwitzer -- On the motives underlying social cognition / David Dunning -- The nature of emotion / W. Gerrod Parrott -- The consequences of mood on the processing of social information / Herbert Bless -- Attitudes, persuasion, and behavior / Gerd Bohner and Norbert Schwarz -- The construction of attitudes / Norbert Schwarz and Gerd Bohner -- Values and ideologies / Meg J. Rohan and Mark P. Zanna -- Self-esteem / Abraham Tesser -- Self-concept and identity / Daphna Oyserman -- Identity through time: constructing personal pasts and futures / Michael Ross and Roger Buchler -- PART IV: APPLICATIONS: Psychology and law / Gunter Kohnken, Maria Fiedler, and Charlotte Mohlenbeck -- Consumer behavior / Sharon Shavitt and Michaela Wanke -- Dealing with adversity: self-regulation, coping, adaptation, and health / Lisa G. Aspinwall -- The psychological determinants of political judgments / Victor C. Ottati

This volume brings together several authors from different areas of psychology and the neighbouring social sciences. Each one contributes their own perspective on the growing interest topic of subjective well-being. The aim of the volume is to present these divergent perspectives and to foster communication between the different areas. Split into three parts, this volume initially discusses the general perspectives of subjective well-being and addresses fundamental questions, secondly it discusses the dynamics of subjective well-being and more specific research issues to give a better understanding of the general phenomenon, and thirdly the book emphasizes the social context in which people experience and report their happiness and satisfaction. The book will be of great interest to social and clinical psychologists, students of psychology and sociology and health professionals.

Two studies examining the formal elements of rating scales are reported. In the first study, 70 U of Michigan undergraduates were required to rate their participation in three low-frequency behaviors along a "rarely/often" continuum with 0-10 & 1-11 values. Findings demonstrated lower participation rates for participants using the 1-11 rating scale. In the second study, 97 undergraduates completed questionnaires comparing their academic performance with other undergraduates using three different 10-point rating scales. Results indicated that participants presented with a pyramidal 10-point scale rated their performance lower than those presented with either stacked boxes or onion format scales. It is concluded that future research must strive to diminish the influence of such formal elements on participant responses. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 16 References. Adapted from the source document.

Ziel des Bandes ist es, den gerade begonnen Dialog zwischen Umfrageforschern und kognitiv orientierten Psychologen weiterzuführen. Es wird betont, daß dieser Dialog für beide Disziplinen sehr fruchtbare Ergebnisse bringen könnte. Folgende Themen werden analysiert: (1) Soziale Wahrnehmung und soziale Wirklichkeit im Laborversuch und in der realen Welt, (2) Informationsprozeßtheorie für den Umfrageforscher, (3) die Informationsprozeß-Perspektive, (4) die Rolle des Gedächtnisses bei der Beantwortung von Umfragen, (5) Antwortverhalten in Umfragen, (6) Gedanken, Urteile und Kommunikation in Einstellungsumfragen, (7) eine kognitive Perspektive der Messung von Einstellungen, (8) die informativen Funktionen von Alternativskalen für das Beantworten von Umfragen, (9) Auswirkungen der sozialen Umwelt auf die Eigenwahrnehmung von Interessen in Verwaltung und Öffentlichkeit, (10) Interview-Stil und der soziale Kontext des Interviews in der Umfrage, (11) Perspektiven für die künftige Entwicklung. (HA)

Despite strong agreement among scientists, public opinion surveys reveal wide partisan disagreement on climate issues in the United States. We suggest that this divide may be exaggerated by questionnaire design variables. Following a brief literature review, we report on a national survey experiment involving U.S. Democrats and Republicans ( n = 2,041) (fielded August 25–September 5, 2012) that examined the effects of question wording and order on the belief that climate change exists, perceptions of scientific consensus, and support for limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Wording a questionnaire in terms of "global warming" (versus "climate change") reduced Republicans' (but not Democrats') existence beliefs and weakened perceptions of the scientific consensus for both groups. Moreover, "global warming" reduced Republicans' support for limiting greenhouse gases when this question immediately followed personal existence beliefs but not when the scientific consensus question intervened. We highlight the importance of attending to questionnaire design in the analysis of partisan differences.

Despite strong agreement among scientists, public opinion surveys reveal wide partisan disagreement on climate issues in the united States. we suggest that this divide may be exaggerated by questionnaire design variables. Following a brief literature review, we report on a national survey experiment involving U.S. Democrats and Republicans (n = 2,041) (fielded August 25–September 5, 2012) that examined the effects of question wording and order on the belief that climate change exists, perceptions of scientific consensus, and support for limiting greenhouse gas emissions. wording a questionnaire in terms of "global warming" (versus "climate change") reduced Republicans' (but not Democrats') existence beliefs and weakened percep- tions of the scientific consensus for both groups. Moreover, "global warming" reduced Republicans' sup- port for limiting greenhouse gases when this question immediately followed personal existence beliefs but not when the scientific consensus question intervened. we highlight the importance of attending to questionnaire design in the analysis of partisan differences.