No mundo industrializado, a alimentação tem sido predominantemente baseada no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, em detrimento de uma alimentação caseira e natural. Essa mudança tem alterado os hábitos alimentares secularmente estabelecidos e tem contribuído para o surgimento de diversas doenças na população, tais como obesidade, cardiopatias e esteatose, entre outras. No contexto brasileiro, os governos federais democráticos, no período pós-anos 1990 até 2016, implementaram diversas políticas públicas voltadas para a alimentação, com o objetivo de difundir conhecimentos nutricionais e resgatar a importância da cultura alimentar brasileira, que estava sendo substituída pelo consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Esse resgate teve como consequência o estímulo de parte significativa da população a modificar seus hábitos alimentares. A apropriação da cultura alimentar pelo indivíduo fortalece sua identidade regional, nacional e cultural, em conexão com a história de seu país. O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar as ações desenvolvidas junto a estudantes da rede pública de ensino na cidade de Assis, São Paulo, embasadas nos fundamentos teóricos da Psicologia histórico-cultural, com o intuito de fomentar aprofundamentos acerca da constituição histórica e contemporânea da cultura alimentar brasileira. O estudo demonstrou que a educação alimentar e nutricional desempenha um papel fundamental ao proporcionar uma reflexão sobre os padrões de comportamento alimentar, além de fortalecer a história e a identidade do povo brasileiro.
Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir como se dão as práticas de aprisionamento provisório. Em especial, analisando os mecanismos punitivos que podem atuar de forma racista, em conformidade com a ideia de seletividade penal. Para fazer esse debate foi analisado o perfil de internos, no âmbito de uma unidade prisional de presos provisórios na cidade de Salvador/BA. Foi constituída uma amostra representativa da população prisional dessa prisão entre os anos de 2017 e 2018. Os resultados ratificam os apontamentos presentes na literatura que afirmam que o sistema de justiça penal atua de forma seletiva e repressiva, calcada no racismo. Constatamos que, no caso estudado, o aprisionamento provisório se aplica expressivamente a jovens, negros, com pouca escolaridade, sujeitos a trabalhos precários, que cometem delitos de baixo valor e relacionados às acusações de crimes patrimoniais e ao tráfico de drogas. Comparando as acusações contra negros e não-negros, encontramos evidências que nos casos de crimes patrimoniais e de drogas os valores monetários estimados eram significativamente menores para os negros.
ABSTRACT The chapter provides a brief introduction to the underlying causes of climate change in the deep ocean, and the mechanisms by which these affect deep-ocean ecosystems (Figure 2). Climate change is interpreted in the broad sense here and incorporates the many changes in ocean environments linked to atmospheric and ocean warming and/ or ocean acidification, including oxygen loss, changes in POC flux to depth, altered hydrodynamics and circulation, as well as bentho-pelagic coupling.
ABSTRACT Despite considerable technological advances in recent decades that have enabled the ecosystems of the deeper parts of the oceans to be discovered and explored, large knowledge gaps still exist on the biology and ecology of such ecosystems. This is largely due to challenges related to observation and experimentation in situ, and to maintaining deepwater species under ex situ experimental conditions. Deep-sea organisms have evolved life strategies and physiological adaptations (e.g. slow metabolism and growth rates, high longevity, and late maturity) that allow them to succeed in the cold and generally food-limited deep-sea environment but that may partially impair their ability to physiologically compensate for and adapt to changes in climate. Therefore, a deeper understanding of species' biological and ecological traits, as well as their tolerance thresholds to single and cumulative climatic stressors (e.g. temperature and nutrition, pH and O2) is much needed. Most experiments to date have been conducted under short-term (i.e. acute) conditions, thereby hindering the mechanisms potentially involved in species resilience and acclimation. Studies addressing the impact of climate change on species gametogenesis, reproductive output, or larval development and physiology are also largely lacking. While efforts continue to build a knowledge base on the impacts over the physiological and ecological processes affecting individual species, it is also necessary to start to address the impacts that climate change will have on wider ecosystem functioning.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Processo FAPESP: 2015/22864-2 ; In sewage treatment plants, physicochemical parameters are highly controlled since treated sewage can be returned to water bodies or reused. In addition, pollutants such as heavy metals also deserve attention due to their potential toxicity. In general, these characteristics of sewage and treated water are evaluated independently, with the support of Brazilian legislation that does not require a routine for the analysis of metals as frequent as for the physicochemical parameters. In this work, 66 samples of raw sewage, treated sewage, and effluents from two treatment plants in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated to assess the efficiency of the treatment plants in the removal of metals. In addition, the influence of these pollutants on the quantification of physicochemical parameters was evaluated. The quantification of metals was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Spearman's test was applied to evaluate correlation between physicochemical parameters and metal content. The main metals found in the samples were Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, and Al. The results indicate that concentrations of metals in the aquatic environment can significantly affect the physicochemical parameters, since high concentrations of metals can interfere mainly in the pH, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen.
Poster presentation at ATLAS 3rd General Assembly. Understanding marine biogeography and, in particular, vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) will lead to better ocean governance in a future ocean challenged by rapid rates of climate change and the exploitation of living and non-living resources in the deep ocean. Most of the deep-seabed and VMEs, however, lie in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), where the study of VME biogeography has received far less attention and where there is very limited governance. Biogeographic classifications have been used to date to analyse patterns of marine biodiversity and advancing knowledge of evolutionary and ecosystem processes (Rice et al., 2011). These classifications can also assist governments in designing management tools such as marine protected areas. The Global Open Oceans and Deep Seabed (GOODS) biogeographic classification system (UNESCO, 2009; Watling et al., 2013) was developed to provide technical support to planning and policy decisions related to open ocean and deep-seabed areas. GOODS divides the deep ocean into pelagic and benthic biogeographic provinces based on biological data such as primary production, and a range of environmental variables. The classification is based entirely on physical proxies, presumed to reflect species biogeography. Physical-proxy based schemes are available now for managers and they are based on data that are more easily compiled and updated. Thus, a main purpose of my thesis is to validate GOODS using species data and refine where necessary to overcome three limitations of GOODS to delineate biogeographic provinces in the deep ocean. Firstly, GOODS has not been validated for complex habitats formed by VME indicator taxa, which underpins the need of testing the biogeography of VME indicator species. Secondly, it does not account for projected future climate change scenarios, and thus is currently only a static product. Finally, it represents a high-level classification system, with both pronounced heterogeneity and a ...
Fifteen male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, with the aim of storing their platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for 30 days at 4-6 °C to investigate its conservation and viability during this period. Thirty samples of PRP were prepared and sorted into three equal groups (G1, G2, and G3), and every three days a sample was taken out for evaluationof the number of platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), pH of the plasma, aggregation post addition of calcium thromboplastin, and for the presence of bacterial and fungal contamination. Results suggested that, for the number of platelets, there was no linear relationship over time. However, when comparing the number of platelets pre-storage to that post-storage, a statistical difference was observed. The hemogram MPV variables, pre and post-storage, also did not relate with time however, there was a statistical difference between the MPV of hemogram and MPV pre-storage, and between MPV pre-storage and MPV post-storage. From the pH evaluation, no influence of time on the variables was found, but statistical differences were found in the samples after storage between 30 and 6 days, 30 and 24 days, and 30 and 27 days. Platelet aggregation occurred within twenty seconds in all samples, independent of storage time. There was no growth of bacteria or yeast in any sample; however, mold growth occurred in the samples stored for 21 days from G1 and G3. It can be concluded that the PRP of rabbits can be stored in 4-6 °C refrigeration for up to18 days and still maintain the number of platelets, with no significant pH alteration or bacterial or fungal contamination.
Project Interreg Med REMEDIO. ; In urban areas, evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies show that traffic-related air pollution has adverse effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Urban air pollution accounts for 3% of mortality from cardiopulmonary disease and 1% of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years, worldwide. Therefore, disease and mortality associated with vehicle emissions represent a substantial challenge in public health. Source apportionment, using receptor models, is an essential tool to support the implementation of the European and Member States legislation on air quality and principally to reduce the impact of exposure to Air Particulate Matter (PM) on human health. This work was developed in the framework of the Interreg Med REMEDIO project and aims to assess the aerosol emission sources in an urban traffic site, located in the outskirts of Lisbon. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dyslipidemias are determinant for the onset of cardiovascular diseases and represent more than 30% of global deaths. Changes in serum lipid levels are a direct consequence of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to verify the relationship between genetic polymorphism APOA5 and dyslipidemia. This is a case-control study with 199 officers of the military force of the state of Goiás in which the relationship between lipid profile and genetic polymorphism rs964184 was evaluated. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR) was used to identify genetic polymorphism rs964184. Of the participants analyzed, 93% were male and 7% female, the lipid profile showed that 115 participants had dyslipidemia (group of cases) and 84 were within the reference range (control group). The genetic polymorphism rs964184 of the case group showed that 64.3% (74/115) of the participants had genotype CC, 33.0% (38/115) had cg genotype and 2.6% (3/115) had GG genotype. In the control group, 69.0% (58/84) had genotype CC, 27.4% (23/84) had cg genotype, 3.6% (3/84) had GG genotype. In conclusion, the G alllea is related to high levels of triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL) and the C allea is related to normal HDL cholesterol levels (≥ 40 mg/dL). Therefore, homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (CG) individuals are more inclined to have high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels, which are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. ; Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), as dislipidemias são determinantes para o aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares e representam mais de 30% das mortes globais. Alterações nos níveis lipídeos de soro são uma consequência direta da dislipidemia. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre polimorfismo genético APOA5 e dislipidemia. Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle com 199 oficiais da força militar do estado de Goiás em que foi avaliada a relação entre o perfil lipídica e o polimorfismo genético rs964184. A Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) foi usada para identificar o polimorfismo genético rs964184. Dos participantes analisados, 93% eram do sexo masculino e 7% do feminino, o perfil lipídico mostrou que 115 participantes apresentaram dislipidemia (grupo de casos) e 84 estavam dentro da faixa de referência (grupo controle). O polimorfismo genético rs964184 do grupo de casos mostrou que 64,3% (74/115) dos participantes apresentavam genótipo CC, 33,0% (38/115) tinham genótipo cg e 2,6% (3/115) tinham genótipo GG. No grupo controle, 69,0% (58/84) apresentava genótipo CC, 27,4% (23/84) tinham genótipo cg, 3,6% (3/84) tinham genótipo GG. Em conclusão, o alelo G está relacionado a altos níveis de triglicérides (≥ 150 mg/dL) e o alelo C está relacionado a níveis normais de colesterol HDL (≥ 40 mg/dL). Portanto, indivíduos homozigotos (GG) ou heterozigotos (CG) estão mais inclinados a ter altos triglicerídeos e baixos níveis de colesterol HDL, que estão associados a um risco aumentado de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares. ; Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las dislipidemias son determinantes para la aparición de enfermedades cardiovasculares y representan más del 30% de las muertes mundiales. Los cambios en los niveles séricos de lípidos son una consecuencia directa de la dislipidemia. Este estudio tenía como objetivo verificar la relación entre el polimorfismo genético APOA5 y la dislipidemia. Se trata de un estudio de control de casos con 199 oficiales de la fuerza militar del estado de Goiás en el que se evaluó la relación entre el perfil lipídico y el polimorfismo genético rs964184. Se utilizó reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (PCR en tiempo real) para identificar el polimorfismo genético rs964184. De los participantes analizados, el 93% eran hombres y el 7% mujeres, el perfil lipídico mostró que 115 participantes tenían dislipidemia (grupo de casos) y 84 estaban dentro del rango de referencia (grupo de control). El polimorfismo genético rs964184 del grupo de casos mostró que el 64,3% (74/115) de los participantes tenía genotipo CC, el 33,0% (38/115) tenía genotipo cg y el 2,6% (3/115) tenía genotipo GG. En el grupo de control, el 69,0% (58/84) tenía genotipo CC, el 27,4% (23/84) tenía genotipo cg, el 3,6% (3/84) tenía genotipo GG. En conclusión, el G alllea está relacionado con altos niveles de triglicéridos (≥ 150 mg/dL) y el C allea está relacionado con los niveles normales de colesterol HDL (≥ 40 mg/dL). Por lo tanto, los individuos homocigóticos (GG) o heterocigótigos (CG) están más inclinados a tener triglicéridos altos y bajos niveles de colesterol HDL, que se asocian con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular.
Clean air is a basic requirement of life (World Health Organization, 2010). The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has been the object of several studies due to an increasing concern within the scientific community on the effects of indoor air quality upon health, especially as people tend to spend more time indoors than outdoors (Franck et al., 2011; Canha et al., 2010; WHO, 2010; Environmental Protection Agency, 2010; Saliba et al., 2009; Fraga et al., 2008; Fromme et al., 2007; Guo et al., 2004; Kosonen, 2004; Lee et al., 2002a; Lee et al., 2002b; Carrer et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2001; Li et al., 2001; Wilson & Spengler, 1996; Allen & Miguel, 1995; Jenkins et al., 1992; WHO, n.d.). The quality of air inside homes, offices, schools or other private and public buildings is an essential determinant of healthy life and people's well-being (WHO, 2010). People can be exposed to contaminants by inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. In the past, scientists have paid much attention to the study of exposure to outdoor air contaminants, because they have realised the seriousness of outdoor air pollution problems. However, each indoor microenvironment has unique characteristics, determined by the local outdoor air, specific building characteristics and indoor activities (Pegas et al, 2010). Indeed, hazardous substances are emitted from buildings, construction materials and indoor equipment or due to human activities indoors (WHO, 2010; Carrer et al., 2002). Reports about buildings with air-related problems have received increasing attention since the 1970s (Spengler & Sexton, 1983; Hodgson, 1992). In an indoor environment, dust on floors and other surfaces contains minerals, metals, fibres from textiles, paper, and insulation material, particles from tobacco smoke, including polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH's). For this reason, the indoor environment is cleaned to maintain an acceptable level of perceived cleanliness, to prevent surface degradation, to control potential risk of infection from microorganisms, and to control dust exposure in general (Wolkoff et al., 1998). All of these pollutants could cause significant damage to health globally (WHO, 2010).The IAQ in school buildings is expected to be a key role player in the assessment of the effects of the children personal exposure to air pollution as children spend at least a third of their time inside school buildings, that is, approximately seven or more hours a day in school (Almeida et al., 2010; EPA, 2010; Pegas et al., 2010; Wheeler et al., 2009; Ramachandran et al., 2005). Poor IAQ can affect scholarly performance and attendance (Daisey et al. 2003; Godoi et al. 2009). Hence, several studies about air quality in schools have recently been published (Goyal & Khare, 2009; Tippayawong et al., 2009; Fraga et al., 2008; Fromme et al., 2007; Hwang et al., 2006). Environmental asthma triggers commonly found in school buildings include respiratory viruses; cockroaches and other pests; mold resulting from excess moisture in the building; dander from animals in the classroom; and dander brought on the clothing from animals at home. Second-hand smoke and dust mites are other known environmental asthma triggers found in schools. Children with asthma may be affected by other pollutants from sources inside schools, such as unvented stoves or heaters and common products including chemicals, cleaning agents, perfumes, pesticides and sprays. Indoor Air Quality problems in schools may be even more serious than in other categories of buildings, due to higher occupant density and insufficient outside air supply, aggravated by frequent poor construction and/or maintenance of school buildings (Pegas et al., 2010). Schools are seen as particularly likely to have environmental deficiencies because chronic shortages of funding contribute to inadequate operation and maintenance of facilities (Mendell & Heath, 2005). Previous studies showed the poor indoor environmental quality at schools may be explained by: (1) insufficient ventilation in schools, specially in winter, (2) infrequently and not thoroughly cleaned indoor surfaces, and (3) a large number of students in relation to room area and volume, with constant re-suspension of particles from room surfaces (Janssen et al., 1999). Children constitute a sensitive group with higher risk than adults (Stranger et al., 2007a) because children are particularly vulnerable to pollutants due to their undeveloped airways (Stranger et al., 2007a; Mendell et al., 2005). Moreover, children have greater susceptibility to some environmental pollutants than adults, because they breathe higher volumes of air relative to their body weights and their tissues and organs are actively growing (Mendell & Heath, 2005). The effects of air pollution on children have been growing (Khan et al., 2007) and one of the consequences is the increase of the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (ISAAC, 1998). The chemical and microbiological parameters required by the Portuguese Legislation for IAQ monitoring purposes are: carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO), volatiles organic compound (VOCs), bacteria and fungi (DL n.º 79/2006).
This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15) forage, fodder percentage of nitrogen, percentage of total nitrogen sheet, (delta-N-15) on the sheet, and (delta-N-15) at the helm were different between treatments. To this end collection, difference was observed for% Total Nitrogen, % Total N in sheet, % Total N in the trunk and% Total N at the helm. The crude protein analysis revealed significant differences between treatments, while the crude protein and lignin differ according to time after fertilization. The technique of N stable isotope effectively distinguish the composition of organic and inorganic fertilizers in deferred grazing pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Forage quality was not influenced by the source of N.
