Suchergebnisse

Invalid ballots are relatively common in countries with compulsory voting, yet there is no cross-national evidence as towhois more likely to cast a blank or spoiled ballot where voting is forced. I argue that increased rates of blank and spoiled balloting where voting is obligatory result from the behavior of the politically unknowledgeable, uninterested, untrusting, and disaffected, who are incentivized to turn out to the polls where they can be sanctioned for abstention. To test this, I conduct an individual-level examination of the influence of compulsory voting on invalid balloting across countries. I find support for my expectations with analyses of survey data from several American democracies, many of which compel electoral participation.

This paper examines the level of stress among senior secondary school students and stress managing strategies to overcome stress. Manage appropriate level of stress among students in order to make him constructive and productive citizen of the country. The main objectives were to find out the stress level among different streams of students as well as bring to light measures to counteract the effect of stress in students. A quantitative method was used in gathering and analyzing the data. For this purpose, Singh's personal stress sources inventory (SPSSI) was distributed among students of different streams to get mean, S.D. and C.R. values. The results obtained show the medium level of stress among different streams of students. Factors responsible for stress are school environment, physical changes, relationship and family conditions. Major findings are : (i) no significant difference in stress level of male and female students of different streams (ii) significant difference in stress level of male students of different streams. (iii) significant difference exists in stress level of female students of different streams. (iv) urban students have more stress level than rural students. (v) students studying in private school experience more stress level than government school students. Stress can be managed by enough sleep, creative games, meditation, yoga, spiritual talk, continuous monitoring the stress level, creating conducing teaching learning environment at school as well as at home and developing good relationship among peers.

This study compares the academic achievement of different streams of B.Ed. students of Bhiwani and Palwal district of Haryana. Result of first year of 400 B.Ed. students from two government colleges and two private colleges were taken randomly for analysis of data. The result of analyzed data indicates that a significant difference exists i) Between male and female B.Ed. students of different streams. ii) Between rural and urban B.Ed. students. iii) Between English medium and Hindi medium B.Ed. students. iv) There is no significant difference between government and private B.Ed. students. v) Academic achievement was not normally distributed. vi) B.Ed. students possess high academic achievement. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made i) That parents should devote more time and attention to their children ii) Government should provide better facilities in the colleges iii) Teachers should be motivated to use new techniques, instructional strategies and professional values in government colleges iv) Urban students participate effectively in co-curricular and extra-curricular activities so more hostel facilities should be provided to rural students so that they have less impact of their family v) Bilingual medium should be used by the teacher to explain the subject.

Compulsory voting is often linked to pro-democracy orientations in the public. However, there is reason to question the strength and universality of this link. Engaging research on the effects of coercion and punishment, this article argues that forced participation inflates the tendency of those with negative orientations towards democracy to see the democratic system as illegitimate, and to be dissatisfied with democracy. The study finds support for these expectations in analyses of three separate cross-national surveys and a natural experiment. Compulsory voting heightens dissatisfaction with democracy within key segments of the population.

The classic hierarchical distribution of power featuring nation-states is now increasingly supplemented with a diffusion of power with multiple actors. A hierarchical concentration of power is predicated toward bargaining coercion and great powers can impose their solutions on the weak. Diffused power allows for joint problem solving among multiple actors through negotiations but also makes reaching agreement hard because of the relatively greater equality among bargaining units. Reaching agreement in a diffusion of power is also hard because of the new perspectives and meanings that arise through globalized interactions. These new meanings – for example, commerce viewed through the lens of intra-firm rather than inter-country trade – make it hard to fashion solutions based on past understandings centered on territoriality and nation-states.

The classic hierarchical distribution of power featuring nation-states is now increasingly supplemented with a diffusion of power with multiple actors. A hierarchical concentration of power is predicated toward bargaining coercion and great powers can impose their solutions on the weak. Diffused power allows for joint problem solving among multiple actors through negotiations but also makes reaching agreement hard because of the relatively greater equality among bargaining units. Reaching agreement in a diffusion of power is also hard because of the new perspectives and meanings that arise through globalized interactions. These new meanings -- for example, commerce viewed through the lens of intra-firm rather than inter-country trade -- make it hard to fashion solutions based on past understandings centered on territoriality and nation-states. Adapted from the source document.

By altering the turnout decision calculus, compulsory voting should alter the character of the voting population. Employing survey data across countries and Swiss cantons, I examine how the turnout decision calculus varies across voluntary and compulsory voting systems. Results indicate that many of the demographic, socio-economic and political factors known to correlate with turnout play a relatively weak role in motivating electoral participation where voting is mandatory. Thus, voting populations should be more reflective of the entire electorate in countries with compulsory voting. I conclude with a discussion of the potential implications of my findings.