Suchergebnisse

"Wer künstlerisch-therapeutisch tätig ist, muss sich mit zahlreichen rechtlichen Fragen auseinandersetzen. Und das ist nicht so einfach: künstlerische Therapien haben sich zwar als eigenständige Verfahren bewährt, sind jedoch berufs- und leistungsrechtlich weitgehend (noch) nicht abgesichert. Dieses Buch führt Leserinnen und Leser sicher durch den Paragraphendschungel. Anhand zahlreicher Praxisbeispiele geht der Autor Fragen des Berufsrechts nach, interpretiert sie für künstlerische Therapieverfahren und zeigt, wie sich sozialrechtliche Normen für stationäre und ambulante Krankenhilfe, Rehabilitations- und Fördermaßnahmen anwenden lassen. Anschauliche Erläuterungen zum Umgang mit Rechtsnormen für Nicht-Juristen, beispielhafte Falldarstellungen und Musterlösungen schaffen so die Grundlage zum Transfer ins eigene Praxisfeld." (Klappentext)

AbstractAs climate change unfolds, extreme weather events are on the rise worldwide. According to experts, extreme weather risks already outrank those of terrorism and migration in likelihood and impact. But how well does the public understand weather risks and forecast uncertainty and thus grasp the amplified weather risks that climate change poses for the future? In a nationally representative survey (N = 1004; Germany), we tested the public's weather literacy and awareness of climate change using 62 factual questions. Many respondents misjudged important weather risks (e.g., they were unaware that UV radiation can be higher under patchy cloud cover than on a cloudless day) and struggled to connect weather conditions to their impacts (e.g., they overestimated the distance to a thunderstorm). Most misinterpreted a probabilistic forecast deterministically, yet they strongly underestimated the uncertainty of deterministic forecasts. Respondents with higher weather literacy obtained weather information more often and spent more time outside but were not more educated. Those better informed about climate change were only slightly more weather literate. Overall, the public does not seem well equipped to anticipate weather risks in the here and now and may thus also fail to fully grasp what climate change implies for the future. These deficits in weather literacy highlight the need for impact forecasts that translate what the weather may be into what the weather may do and for transparent communication of uncertainty to the public. Boosting weather literacy may help to improve the public's understanding of weather and climate change risks, thereby fostering informed decisions and mitigation support.

Sport-events have been changing into commercial areas in which several functions for the visitor and Spectator have been maintained. The core-product of a Sport-Event like a game of the German football league (DFL) is not limited to the sportive action itself; the management level takes more and more into account that Entertainment and commercial-created experiences are part of the product as well. Part 1 of the doctoral thesis reveals the theoretical background of the experience economy in sports whereas in part 2 a Delphi-designed test with experts is described and evaluated. The perspective are primarily economically-, psychologically and sociologically-based. The experience economy model has been brought to a five-phase-marketing-model which considers experiences as market goods in completion to the classical service-marketing

APPROVED ; This dissertation examines electoral accountability and the democratic mandate by reassessing the concept of election pledges, by analysing when parties emphasise the present and past rather than the future, by classifying media coverage of political promises, and revealing the circumstances under which parties lose public support during the electoral cycle. In the first paper, I revisit the scholarly conceptualisation of election pledges. Comparing the most extensive expert reliability exercise to the coding of crowd workers reveals that the experts have a much narrower perception of election promises. Besides raising awareness for differences in the understanding of pledges, the paper exemplifies how crowd coding can be used to reassess established concepts. The second paper introduces the difference between prospective and retrospective campaign communication. Using quantitative text analysis, I uncover the circumstances under which parties emphasise the past and present, and when parties instead focus on the future. I show that large parts of manifestos do not address the future at all. As hypothesised, governments employ more positive language only in statements about the past and present. Incumbents and opposition parties are almost equally positive when it comes to describing the future. The third paper investigates how the media report on campaign promises. The analysis of almost 500,000 statements about promises across 33 electoral cycles in four countries shows that newspaper coverage of promises peaks before elections. The analysis also reveals a substantial negativity bias. These findings help us to understand why voters often struggle to recall the fulfilment of salient pledges and why most citizens do not believe that parties keep their promises. The fourth paper investigates how government support changes throughout the legislative cycle. Based on over 25,000 opinion polls from 171 electoral cycles, I show that government parties, on average, lose most support in the first half of the cycle. Second, the previously assumed curvilinear effect is more likely to occur under single-party government and in countries where the prime minister can dissolve the parliament. Third, since the 2000s, government parties rarely recover from early losses.

Many plate tectonic processes, such as subduction initiation, are embedded in long-term (> 100 Myr) geodynamic cycles often involving subsequent phases of extension, cooling without plate deformation and convergence. However, the impact of upper mantle convection on lithosphere dynamics during such long-term cycles is still poorly understood. We have designed two-dimensional upper mantle- scale (down to a depth of 660 km) thermo-mechanical numerical models of coupled lithosphere–mantle deformation. We consider visco–elasto–plastic deformation including a combination of diffusion, dislocation and Peierls creep law mechanisms. Mantle densities are calculated from petrological phase diagrams (Perple_X) for a Hawaiian pyrolite. Our models exhibit realistic Rayleigh numbers between 1e6 and 1e7, and the model temperature, density and viscosity structures agree with geological and geophysical data and observations. We tested the impact of the viscosity structure in the asthenosphere on upper mantle convection and lithosphere dynamics. We also compare models in which mantle convection is explicitly modelled with models in which convection is parameterized by Nusselt number scaling of the mantle thermal conductivity. Further, we quantified the plate driving forces necessary for subduction initiation in 2D thermo- mechanical models of coupled lithosphere–mantle deformation. Our model generates a 120 Myr long geodynamic cycle of subsequent extension (30 Myr), cooling (70 Myr) and convergence (20 Myr) coupled to upper mantle convection in a single and continuous simulation. Fundamental features such as the formation of hyperextended margins, upper mantle convective flow and subduction initiation are captured by the simulations presented here. Compared to a strong asthenosphere, a weak asthenosphere leads to the following differences: smaller value of plate driving forces necessary for subduction initiation (15 TN/m instead of 22 TN/m) and locally larger suction forces. The latter assists in establishing single-slab ...

Individual judgments, feelings, and behaviors can spread from person to person in social networks, similarly to the propagation of infectious diseases. Despite major implications for many social phenomena, the underlying social-contagion processes are poorly understood. We examined how participants' perceptual judgments spread from one person to another and across diffusion chains. We gauged the speed, reach, and scale of social contagion. Judgment propagation tended to slow down with increasing social distance from the source. Crucially, it vanished beyond a social horizon of three to four people. These results advance the understanding of some of the mechanisms underlying social-contagion phenomena as well as their scope across domains as diverse as political mobilization, health practices, and emotions.

Religion and social support along with trait emotional intelligence (EI) help individuals to reduce stress caused by difficult situations. Their implications may vary across cultures in reference to predicting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A convenience sample of N = 200 chronic heart failure (CHF) patients was recruited at cardiology centers in Germany (n = 100) and Pakistan (n = 100). Results indicated that trait-EI predicted better mental component of HRQoL in Pakistani and German CHF patients. Friends as social support appeared relevant for German patients only. Qualitative data indicate an internal locus of control in German as compared to Pakistani patients. Strengthening the beneficial role of social support in Pakistani patients is one example of how the current findings may inspire culture-specific treatment to empower patients dealing with the detrimental effects of CHF.

We introduce a framework aimed at the information science (IS), information retrieval (IR) and data science communities as well as behavioral and cognitive scientists and policy makers inside government and at corporations operating Web search platforms. The goal of this framework is to instigate collaborative discussion and research across these communities to address potential dangers searchers and society face in modern Web search. We provide an overview of the harms, such as poor health outcomes, and their possible causes, including searcher and system biases being tuned for maximum profit. Modifications to policy, additional evaluation metrics, a mixture of cognitive decision making tools and improvements to the IR system are the suggested pathways. Examples are provided of how the framework can be put into practice.