Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes the content of onomastics and the onomastic system in the modern language; the main principles and perspectives of the etymological process of proper names are highlighted; the specifics of the onymic space of the work of art are revealed; a review of digital methods for research and presentation of onymic material was carried out; characteristics of names and their criteria are presented. An experimental study of the importance of using onomastic material in the educational space was conducted, where special attention was paid to the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of the use of onomastic material. In the experimental groups, during the exercises, techniques, and methods of work that activate the student's thinking were combined, and different types of tasks were offered among the exercises, the content of which was onomastic vocabulary using an innovative method. Research in the experimental group showed the effectiveness of the innovative methodology and a significant increase in the level of cognitive activity among students.

The aim of this work is improving the procedure for professional risk assessment of passenger bus drivers, taking into account ergonomic, psychosocial, individual, and hygienic factors.
To develop the methodology for assessing the professional risk of drivers the theory of analysis was used, which allows to establish alternative solutions of the problem by determining an integrated criterion that depends on a number of individual indicators characterized by ergonomic, psychosocial, individual, and hygienic factors influencing the working conditions of the passenger bus driver.
A checklist has been developed to quickly assess the occupational risk of passenger bus drivers, which takes into account the impact of several harmful production factors that contribute to the creation of unfavorable conditions for the occurrence of occupational diseases. A feature of this approach is the ability to distinguish the level of risk for each harmful production factor and determine the overall level of occupational risk. It is recommended to reduce the effect of occupational risk on the driver of a passenger bus to improve the system of medical examinations, the system of admission to the vehicles driving in the implementation of passenger traffic and strengthen control over the technical condition of vehicles.
The relationship between the integrated criterion of occupational risk of the driver and indicators that are characterized by ergonomic, psychosocial, individual, and hygienic factors, which are formed by the working conditions of the driver in the carriage of passengers.
As a result, a new approach (checklist) is proposed, which can be used in trucking companies without any additional equipment after training in testing.

The paper deals with international and Russian structural problems in agriculture. The objective of the paper is the research of structural changes in the agricultural sector of Russia and their change under the effect of the 'sectoral' sanctions and the food commodity import substitution policy. The theoretical base for this paper has become the works of the scientists dealing with the problems of the structural economic development at the macro level. The nature of the structural shifts in the Russian agrarian sector was discovered, as well as the disproportions in development of different countries, especially those producing the threat to the food supply security and thus the economic safety of the states. The authors have studied the structure of the main commodity groups influencing the solution of the import substitution problem; computed the basic indicators of the corresponding structural shifts; and highlighted the most efficient groups of the agricultural producers. Also, the paper represents the econometric model of the structural shifts and the assessment of the level of self-sufficiency with agricultural production in Russia. The research has been conducted based on the methodology of structural analysis represented in the scientific pursuits of the foreign and national scientists. It also contains the conclusion about the necessity of strengthening the structural policy in the animal husbandry. In particular, import substitution in the sub-branches of the agriculture and food industry should be combined with the export development in the other spheres (based on the methodology of full and efficient use of the available agricultural potential).

The subject of the paper is civil servants' right on pension provision and realization of this right in Russian regions.The purpose of the paper is to check the constitutionality and legality of limits to this right. Some limits were imposed by the court practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Fe- deration.The methodology. General scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison were used. The authors also use the formal legal interpretation of judicial decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, concerning pension rights of public servants.The main results and scope of their application. The principle of budget balance is very relevant for the Russian Federation and is crucial in the system of public administration. But different courts' approaches to the protection of the rights of citizens depending on their official position and social affiliation means a violation of the constitutional principle of equality of rights, infringe the rights of civil servants to state pension provision. The results of research may be used as the basis of correction of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and legislation concerning pension rights of public servants.Conclusions. Deprivation of rights to receive a pension when there is an absence of the region's necessary budget funds leads to unjustified differences in the implementation of this right in relation to civil servants in certain regions of the Russian Federation. The con-stitutional principle of equality of citizens' rights should always be taken into account by the courts when considering the most important cases related to the establishment of social support measures for certain categories of citizens. ; Устанавливается конституционность и законность условий реализации права на пен-сионное обеспечение государственных гражданских служащих субъектов Российской Федерации. Делается вывод, что лишение гражданских служащих субъекта федера-ции права на получение пенсии за выслугу лет в случае отсутствия у региона необхо-димых собственных денежных средств приводит к необоснованным различиям в ре-ализации данного права гражданскими служащими в отдельных субъектах Россий-ской Федерации.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and test models explaining the unsatisfactory innovation activity of Russian firms and the main obstacles to innovation cluster development.Design/methodology/approachBased on statistical analysis and the results of a pilot survey of 192 local businessmen, followed by imitation modeling analysis, the study tests hypotheses regarding the impact of unsatisfactory institutional environments, including weak property rights protection, on innovation cluster development in Russia.FindingsThe analysis shows that the impact of adverse factors on innovation activities of cluster members is crucial, and estimates to what extent the negative factors' influence should be reduced to prevent cluster degradation processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe models provide a number of sensitivity tests of the parameters; however, data from clusters with different levels of support and protection need to be obtained. Government experiments could be conducted to test the models and find ranges of optimal parameters for cluster development. Short of this, examination of actual data from different cluster in similar environments would allow estimated of optimal strategies for support. Longitudinal data can also help determine the actual cause and effect of successful innovation cluster development.Practical implicationsThe paper provides managerial implications for organizations involved in innovation clusters, which can be used to improve cluster members' performance and collaborative innovation activities by means of creating acceptable institutional environments.Originality/valueThe paper provides evidence of the connection between collaborative activities of clustering organizations in Russia and their performance caused by expectations concerning institutional conditions on the macro level in Russia.