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Building no. 07. Constructed in 1919. Married noncommissioned officer's quarters. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1500/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 07. Constructed in 1919. Married noncommissioned officer's quarters. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1501/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 05. Constructed in 1941-05-07. Theater; O.Q.M.G.: plan no. 6278-740 ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1504/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 05. Constructed in 1941-05-07. Theater; O.Q.M.G.: plan no. 6278-739 ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1505/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 04. Constructed in 1867. Fort Brown headquarters. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1506/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 04. Constructed in 1867. Fort Brown headquarters. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1507/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 84. Constructed in 1867. This building was named for A. A. Champion, well-known historian and TSC Board of Trustee from 1968-74. Mr. Champion helped government officials locate the exact location of the Palo Alto Battle Site. The building presently serves as offices for the Vice President of External Affairs and Dean of Graduate Studies. It was built around 1870. William C. Gorgas most likely worked in this building. Fort Brown Post Records designate it as a Medical Supply & Detention Barracks in 1936 and Medical Offices, Lab & Isolation Wards in 1942. It was once the physics lab for the college. Later it was used by the Financial Aid office. If anyone has any other historical information on Bldg. 84 they would like to share with the Hunter Room archives, please visit our homepage. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1337/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 53. Constructed in 1919. Officers quarters, married; Post plan no. 53. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1394/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 53. Constructed in 1919. Officers quarters, married; Post plan no. 53. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1395/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 47. Constructed in 1934-06-30. Post plan no. 46 ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1406/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 47. Constructed in 1934-06-30. Post plan no. 45 ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1407/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 113. Constructed in 1860. The elongated "T" plan Cavalry building was used to house Cavalry units until WWI, when it became the Quartermaster warehouse and commissary. A devastating hurricane on September 4-5, 1933, struck Brownsville and caused extensive damage to the post. Winds were estimated at 125 miles an hour after 106 wind gusts blew the anemometer away. One of the buildings on the fort that received damage was the Cavalry Building No. 113. A larger (100 feet longer) but identical Artillery barracks (No. 133), built by Wainwright near the area where the Brownsville Compress towers now stand, was heavily damaged and was deemed "not habitable" on the Post Engineer's Record. It was probably too far removed from the active base and no longer needed to warrant repairs. Much of the Cavalry Quarters veranda must have been damaged and removed, as it does not appear on either post records. Runyon photographs show how the porch looked in the early 1900s. They are also a record of the building's appearance before the north wing extension was added. Old bricks juxtaposed by new bricks make this noticeable. Repairs were made in June, 1934. By the 1930s, the T-plan structure's central block was used as the Main Post Quartermaster's Office sales commissary office with the Commissary, Clothing and Equipage Storeroom in the north wing and subsistence storeroom in the south. Partitioned walls are shown in detailed 1936 floor plans, with little change to space usage. Revised records from 1942 label it as the Post Commissary with both wings as storerooms and an exterior wood framed "issue shed" attached to the north wing. A roofed, open passageway separated the main block from the central block. It is not known when the central block was attached to the main by brick. Maps show there were two brick N.C.O. officers' duplexes and a garage where the Smith Amphitheater and parking lot are presently located. There was a "wash rack" on the corner of Gorgas Drive and Ringgold Road. There was also a laundry and "motor transport" building for the 12th cavalry across the street from where the New Student Union is now located. Adjacent to the west wing and across the street where the Bookstore now sits stood a shoe repair shop and medical dispensary for the 124th cavalry. A wide-open corral in front of Cavalry extended up to the entrance of the Rusteberg building. Four warehouses once stood where the Life, Health and Sciences Building is located. Two barracks buildings were constructed behind Building 113 around 1940 and were removed in the late 1990s. A small plate with number "113" can still be seen above the entrance. The Cavalry building was not immediately used by the college. A Sanborn fire insurance map from 1949 indicates the west wing was used by Sears & Roebuck for warehouse storage and the east wing to house auto supplies storage with a cold storage room at the far end. The central block is labeled as general storage. Other former Army buildings belonging to the city behind Cavalry appear to have also been used as commercial rental spaces bordered by Brownsville Compress warehouses. These compress warehouses were former hay barns. The building appears to have been used by the college throughout the 1980s for electronics technology classrooms. Campus Police, which was once in the Old Morgue building and later in Building 23 (Married Officers' Quarters) during the mid to late 1980s, later moved into Cavalry with Student Health Services with room for computer classrooms. Renovation and reconstruction of roofed porches were planned by Design Five Architects and contracted to the Jearel Adams Construction Co. It is still in use by Campus Police, and Student Health Services had relocated to the Cortez complex. The east wing is used by Computer Sciences and Computer Information Systems. (This information was written in 2004) ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1288/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 83. Constructed in 1867. Although the hospital was occupied by 1 May 1869, it was not completed until 1871. It took 1,800 mules, 1,300 civilian employees, and over one million bricks to build the Post Hospital for the Army post. The architectural firm of Bell, Klein and Hoffman, in their Preservation Master Plan for the Old Fort Brown Buildings (1981), observed that three additions appeared to have been made to the hospital. These additions included the two-story tower adjoined to the east wing by a one-story infill and the two-story blocks at the rear. However, a 1869 map shows a "T" form representing the hospital which might indicate that only the far rear block was not present. Post Inventory and Post Engineers Records of Buildings in Fort Brown are fairly detailed records of expenditures made to repair or upgrade post buildings that include photographs and floor plans. Every building has a numbered designation. The Post Hospital is Building No. 83 and its walls have a thickness of twelve inches. Sections will, hereupon, be referenced to by letters A through G to denote each section of Gorgas Hall (see floor plan) Section A, the west wing nearest May Street and C, the opposite wing to the east, were the main wards of the building. A 1962 article in The Brownsville Herald stated that Fort Brown assistant surgeon William J. Wilson reported in 1870 that the hospital had accommodations for twenty-four beds. By 1938 three offices and the dispensary occupied the floor. Two rooms near the front entrance were used by orderlies, with a surgery office and dispensary to the rear by 1941. The second floor of section B was divided into separate wards for officers and prisoners with a single 13' x 13' holding cell. Photographs by Robert Runyon during the early 1900s show that Section D, now an office for Administration and Partnership Affairs, was an open-arched passageway during the early 1900s. Quartermasters' records from 1921 to 1941 list this section as being divided into an x-ray and operating room, with the first floor of the connected Section E divided into a sterilization room, x-ray dark room (with a boiler room inserted in between by 1938), and operating room in front. In 1936, the second floor included a pathology lab, but was used exclusively as the dentist's office with two operating rooms, various small rooms, and a waiting room thereafter. The first floor of Section F behind the main central block was a 12' x 31' dining area, with an obstetrical ward on the second floor. At the rear (Section G) were the kitchen and store rooms on the first floor, with a day room and toilet on the second floor. Sections D, E, and G probably existed by 1871. In 1976, Ruby A. Wooldridge, best remembered for teaching at Texas Southmost College and her book, Brownsville: A Pictorial History with Robert B. Vezzetti in 1982, stated in an unpublished history of Texas Southmost College that Brownsville Junior College (later TSC) made major renovations in September 1948, and the post hospital building was converted to house: The science laboratories, art department, college library, permanent offices of the Dean and registry, science lecture rooms, office of the superintendent of the grounds, journalism department and the faculty lounge. The room on the second floor of the former hospital, which had been used by the army for confining violent patients, was used jointly by the Junior College and the Brownsville Historical Society for the storage of rare books and documents. A 1949 Sanborn Map indicates sections A and G were used as classrooms, B as offices, C as a library, and E as study rooms. A 1971 TSC Bulletin states the "Gorgas Science Center" was remodeled to include three biology laboratories [in sections C and E] with imminent plans for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering labs. By 1972, Gorgas was mainly an administrative building with the completion of Eidman Hall as a science building By 1981, Gorgas housed the Offices of the President and Vice-President, Registrar's, Veteran's Affairs, Business and the Counseling Center. The task of keeping Gorgas (and other historical buildings) in pristine condition has been tested by time and trial. Although remodeling the interiors suited academic needs, undoing the mistakes of well-intended caretakers and the elements of nature began a program of continual restoration efforts of upkeep of the buildings. By 1991, the retransformation of old buildings was complete, thanks to a 1986 $13.5 million bond issue approved by voters to boost the college's growth and rescue historical buildings from further debilitation. TSC was presented with a plaque by the Brownsville Historical Association for its efforts to preserve historic fort buildings and for making the Post Hospital a National Historic Landmark in Texas Nearly every building on campus is enhanced by arches of one form or another. Architectural features that stem from Gorgas Hall give UTB/TSC an unprecedented uniqueness among other colleges. In 1993, the Architecture and Design Review of Houston magazine included a booklet, "On the Border: An Architectural Tour," featuring Brownsville buildings in which the design of the Gorgas building was noted for its "brick arches, brick pilasters and brick corbeling at the roof line -- [as being] redolent of the Creole architectural tradition of Northeastern Mexico." This section of the Post Hospital will be finalized by retelling a story from the Brownsville Herald about Dr. William Crawford Gorgas, beginning with his thirty-year battle at the age of twenty-seven against Yellow Fever, Yellow Jack, or vomito negro as it was known in Mexico. He arrived at Fort Brown in 1882, amidst the epidemic which overtook its victims with body aches, fever, and nausea that induced black vomit. Freshly dug graves stood open and ready to swallow another victim and their belongings. The dreaded disease was known to have "wiped out entire armies and thousands of civilians in tropical climates in the western hemisphere." One case involved the invading American Army of Vera Cruz, Mexico, in 1846 and another, when the Spanish Army was rendered impotent by Yellow Fever in its attempts to suppress Cuban insurrectionists in the 1890s. A "study" suggested that Spanish Conquistadors brought it over with African Negroes. In Brownsville, some blamed carriers to have been railroad workers from Tampico or seamen from New Orleans. Lieutenant Gorgas was instructed by his colleagues to carry whiskey, brandy, mustard seed and cigars to help ward off the disease as no cure was known. Also unknown was that the mosquito was to blame for carrying the virus. It was thought the disease was transmitted through personal contact, filth from streets or marshes, or the putrid odor in the atmosphere that rose from this filth. Gorgas began dissecting bodies in the "dead house," as the Old Morgue was then called, to study the cause of Yellow Fever. He had been ordered to stay away from patients and was briefly arrested for disobeying those orders. Because it was not known how the fever spread, a Yellow Fever doctor was also relegated to being undertaker, grave digger and clergyman. One night, following his experience at Fort Brown, Dr. Gorgas described to colleagues at Fort Barranca, Florida, the horrible details of what is was like to dig a grave, wrap a corpse in a white shroud, add quick lime to an empty coffin before placing the corpse within it, the internment "and the reading of the burial service by the light of a lantern." One cannot imagine what went through his mind when one day as he looked into an open grave of the National Cemetery on the island and was asked by another doctor to read a burial service for Miss Marie Cook Doughty, whose drawn-out, fifteen-day illness made it seem as her time would come very quickly. He agreed, too, but continued to treat her. To Miss Doughty, he was the "Gorgeous Doctor" and when he would come visit her in the cool dark of night, she could hardly see his face, but was lulled by the "musical tones of his voice and his soft southern accent." His treatment of her and subsequent illness beside her resulted in a lifelong partnership in which she accompanied him in his pursuit to stamp out Yellow Jack for good. Both became immune following their recovery and when it was theorized that the stegomyia mosquito was the enemy, Dr. Gorgas began warfare to eradicate the mosquito. Some of his quarantine methods included the elimination of stagnant water, the insects' breeding grounds, and fumigation techniques. Oil was also poured into marshes. His campaign against the epidemic took him to Panama where the construction of the canal had been interrupted by the disease. By 1914, he was appointed Surgeon General of the Army. While in London in 1920 to meet King George V, Dr. Gorgas had a cerebral hemorrhage. The king visited him in the hospital and at length expressed his sincere appreciation for the work he did for humanity. Gorgas died on July 4, 1920 and is credited with proving the mosquito carried the disease and finding ways to eliminate it. His efforts virtually eliminated yellow fever. A memorial plaque was placed on the Fort Brown hospital building presented in a ceremony by the Brownsville Historical Association (BHA) and Brownsville Junior College to commemorate Gorgas in February 1949. Later that same year the BHA, in conjunction with other organizations, were able to have Gorgas elected to the Hall of Fame. Gorgas Drive and the TSC's Gorgas Science Foundation also bear the name of the doctor. Its arches, pilasters, denticulated cornices, and other decorative brickwork are the result of innovative building practices imported from Spain to Mexico that made their way into architecture along the Rio Grande River. The drawing below exemplifies the architectural elements that make this building much more remarkable then what it might have been if it had not been altered from standard Army building plans by William A. Wainwright and Samuel W. Brooks. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1339/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 88. Constructed in 1904. The Old Jail was built in 1904. The original guardhouse was once located where the Gateway International Bridge now stands. In 1906, during the "Brownsville Affray" when black soldiers were accused of attacking citizens of Brownsville, there was a guardhouse located where the library now stands. None were imprisoned here. Robert Runyon photos show Mexican soldiers being escorted to this building, where they were held for several weeks after escaping certain death from Mexican insurgents led by General Lucio Blanco in 1913. Fort Brown post commander Colonel Blocksom likely avoided trouble by not confining them with American soldiers jailed in the regular guardhouse. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1351/thumbnail.jpg

Building no. 62. Constructed in 1941-10-10. O.q.m.g. plan no. 7033-787-1; Regiment chapel. The Regiment House has been called by many names. Although small in stature, it has a diverse history. Not only has its use and title changed many times since it was built, it has also misled some local historians into reporting it as being located at different places. Once affectionately known as "The Little Chapel at Fort Brown," it originally stood with its back to the Rio Grande and faced the parade grounds near the present Gateway International Bridge and Customs facilities. Sources noted it had "been moved from its original location to a point near the international bridge." Another account described the chapel as once being located near the Jefferson entrance and used as a school for African-American soldiers. These minor errors that crept into historical record made Building No. 2. an interesting study. There were actually two chapels; each one moved one time and still in use today. The first chapel was originally built to be used as a school and library. In 1889, plans were originally designed for it to be made of wood. However, a hurricane in 1880 may have convinced the Army that a brick building would last longer. Maps showed that building No. 2 was built between 1882 and 1884. It was used as a school until 1907. Between 1907 and 1922 its use is uncertain. From 1922 to 1941 it was used as a Post Chapel, N.C.O. "Bachelors'" Quarters, Officers' Guests Quarters, Post Office and N.C.O. Quarters, and the Chaplain's office prior to October 1941 as will be explained later. Earliest Post Engineer's records show that a single 20' x 30' ft. bedroom and 16' x 18' living room comprised the floor space with an open porch. At that time it listed a capacity for 50 persons. "The larger room was the chapel's auditorium, while the smaller room was its vestry." Later records show the building was divided with a hall to make three bedrooms and small kitchen to house a single family by 1938. It was also painted at one time. By then, the. porch was screened. In 1951, the Little Chapel at Fort Brown was remembered at the time for being a "popular place for weddings of soldiers and local girls" when it was transferred by the city of Brownsville as a museum to the Brownsville Historical Association. The BHA restored the building and opened it in 1952. The BHA was organized in 1946 and granted a charter by the state of Texas in 1947. They were granted use of the Chapel as a museum for 50 years. However, by 1958, the Stillman house at 1305 E. Washington Street was purchased by Chauncey Stillman, a great-grandson of Charles Stillman, and donated to the BHA as their permanent home. When businessmen in downtown Brownsville heard about this, they petitioned to oppose the BHA relocating there under the charge that "a museum would stifle the growth of the immediate area." The BHA restored the home and moved in by 1960. Now with the expanded Brownsville Heritage Complex, the BHA continues to organize a wide range of activities to promote local history and preserve historical records. From 1960 to 1991, Building No. 2 was used as an office for the General Services Administration (GSA) and a tool and maintenance building. Little maintenance had been done on the building and after thirty years of neglect, the building had seen better days. In 1992 when expansion of the U.S. Customs facility would require that it be removed, the "Little Chapel" was suddenly in need of a few small miracles. Mark Lund, Director of City Planning, (Heritage Officer for Brownsville at the time) had first hand experience from the initial dismantling, storage, and restoration of Building No. 2. He stated that the city had a contract with the GSA to remove (demolish) the building. When the Texas State Historical Commission became involved, the "Planning staff and Heritage Council persuaded the City Commission to intervene such that the building's demolition (disassembly) was done carefully to allow it at a future date to be possibly reassembled." The GSA was anxious to remove Building No. 2 because it delayed construction by standing in the way of a road that had to be widened for trucks to make a sharp turn from the bridge for inspection. Once the Historical Commission was satisfied assessment requirements were met, the process to demolish was approved. When the city was contracted by the GSA to demolish Building No. 2, Mr. Lund involved the Heritage Council and Planning Director Joe Galvan, who spoke with Butch Barbosa of the City Commission, to find what could be done to save the little building. Bricks were not numbered as previously believed. Instead, temporary workers were hired and instructed to carefully remove the bricks and place them on pallets to be stored for future use. The City Manager, Kirby Lellijedahl, sent Parks Department trucks to transport brick and wooden pieces, which were labeled and protected by tarps. There was no funding to immediately relocate the building. One ideal plan was to situate the building near the entrance at the Fort Brown Memorial Golf Course as a visitor's center. Until Building No. 2's fate would be known, components would be temporarily stored in Brownsville Compress warehouses free of rent for several months by compress owners. After several months, the city was asked to begin paying rent. Since the building was eligible to receive funds from the Community Development Block Grant – Community Development Funds (CBDG), approximately $1,200 was used to keep the parts in storage until it could be decided where it would be rebuilt. Around this time Los Caminos Del Rio was producing a film to highlight significant architectural buildings along both sides of the Rio Grande Valley to be aired by the Public Broadcasting System (PBS). The Dallas-based philanthropic Meadows Foundation supported this production and representatives were visiting Brownsville. After learning about Building No. 2, they advised the City to write a formal grant proposal. Once funding by the Meadows Foundation was assured, TSC got involved with the Texas Historical Commission and the City Planning Department in planning a new site for the building on the historical campus. TSC officials must have considered Building 2 as an inherent part of the historical assemblage of fort buildings and that it would be turned over to them, even though it had fallen under ownership of the GSA and later, transferred to the City. The project was entitled "Building Number Two" by the City and an Inter-Local Agreement was signed between the City and TSC under which the City would pay all costs once a $50,000 grant was secured by the Meadows Foundation. Construction was to be supervised by Heritage Officer Mark Lund and progress of the work would be reported to Michael Putegnat, TSC Executive Director. Once the job was completed, the City would "turn over title and control to TSC. Costs involved for TSC would be time and landscaping." Bricks were delivered near the parking lot on the site it would be rebuilt. This pile caused rainwater to flood the parking lot and Michael Putegnat, was pressured to correct this situation. For a short while, stagnant water became known as "Putegnat's Pond." Bricks had to be reset aside to allow for proper drainage. During reconstruction, the contractor became dissatisfied with the amount of his reimbursement when the small building proved to be a bigger challenge than he anticipated. He had stored some of the wooden pieces from the Brownsville Compress in his garage and held up construction. Mark Lund was faced with two problems: One was to hire a new contractor to complete the half-finished project with the amount of funds that were left over (most contractors would not want to bid on a halffinished job) and the second was to get the wooden pieces back. Lund had the police called in as a precautionary measure to ensure parts would be delivered. The Parks Department was used again to deliver wooden parts to the second contractor, Carroll Adams, who saw the project to the end. (His nephew, Jearel Adams, worked on the Cavalry building). Some wooden pieces had become damaged from being taken apart, stepped on, or exposed to moisture. Carroll Adams, having worked on historic building restoration jobs before and seeing Mark had been scraping pieces of interior wood trim so that they may be used again, took it upon himself to purchase wood pieces with his money to see the job be done correctly. Another obstacle to rebuilding was met below the ground on which Building No. 2 now stands. Because of its heavy 12" brick walls, a continuous concrete brick foundation had to be placed below the ground. Utility pipes obstructed digging and created problems for re-builders: Boxed openings were made in the reinforced concrete foundation. Steel pieces were placed on the top of the openings after the concrete cured. This was done to handle the loads of substantial masonry walls. The City sidewalk crew (under the direction of Santana Vallejo) built this concrete foundation. They did very well in dealing with the challenges presented by the existing utilities. The foundation design was done by the City Engineer, P. J. Garcia, P. E. The private contractor was hired to do the subsequent work… after the foundation was completed. Mark Lund also had the odious task of placing insulation from the crawl space beneath the floor of Building No. 2. Work was completed by 1993 and it now sits near the Art Annex Building No. 89. Most peculiar about this building is that there is no historical subject marker on the Little Chapel for visitors to inform them where the building was once located, what it was used for, and to memorialize the people who all worked together to save it. A second Post Chapel (Building No. 62) once stood in the area between Tandy Hall and the Lightner Student Center, next to the Post Theater. This chapel was the actual "Regimental" chapel. It had a larger capacity to hold services for a larger number of men. The large wood-frame structure with a steeple was built in 1941 and had a 350 person capacity. It measured 81'-3" long and 37' wide. The Quartermaster record lists it as a "temporary" building and classify it as a "Regimental Chapel" on the floor plan. It was dedicated on Sunday, October 26, 1941. There was a movable altar for Jewish, Catholic, or Protestant services. Before that, services were held in the service club near Building No. 2. Chaplain Stephan K. Callahan moved his office from Building No. 2 into the new chapel the following Monday. In 1947, the two chapels and other buildings at Fort Brown were declared surplus property by the War Assets Administration (WAA). An appeal was made to the WAA to secure Building No. 2 (The Little Chapel) as a museum for the BHA that had just had its first annual meeting at the Brownsville Chamber of Commerce after being chartered by the State of Texas. Immaculate Conception Church bought Building No. 62 for the St. Joseph Church on the corner of Sixth and 555 W. St. Francis. Luke Waters of Harlingen took the job of moving the building from the fort to its new site. For a job that would have normally lasted a few days or couple of weeks at the most, it actually took nearly five months. It was a burden Mr. Waters carried to the end. Waters began the task in October of 1947. To move it presented a problem because streets were only 30 feet wide. Weighing 150,000 pounds, it was moved by heavy trucks. Telephone cables were either lowered or raised to make way for the chapel. Electric lines were also cut. This upset some people who found themselves temporarily without electricity. The weather caused the greatest problems. Whenever it rained, the job would be halted, as the earth was too soft to move over without getting the load stuck in the mud, which it did at various points. The "front end" was pulled out of one of Water's trucks. Two winch trucks were damaged and cable lines broke several times. Mr. Waters also broke his arm in a fall on January 2nd. Asked if he remembered the exact route that was followed in moving, his reply was "I certainly do. I'll never forget it." After leaving Fort Brown, the building proceeded on Jefferson to East Ninth, turned north to Madison, west on Madison to Seventh, north on Seventh to Van Buren, west on Van Buren across the Southern Pacific railroad tracks to Ninth, south on Ninth to Jackson, west on Jackson between the Resaca and City Cemetery, across Palm Blvd. to West First, south across vacant lots to Jefferson, west on Jefferson to W. Seventh, south to Elizabeth, east to half-way between W. Fourth and Fifth, west again to Seventh, south on Seventh to St. Francis, and finally to its destination at W. Sixth and St. Francis. For the "wandering church" to reach its destination, brush had to be cleared on some vacant lots to move it. It finally reached its destination on February 17, 1948. Father Chateau officiated services and Father Casey was appointed first pastor in 1953. It remained a parish until 1962 when a new church was built across the street. Research material showed that historian A. A. Champion and his wife, Isabel, were members of this church. The church has been covered in brick with an addition on its west side and the steeple has been removed. It now serves as a youth center for the church. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/ftbrown/1388/thumbnail.jpg