Suchergebnisse

A great deal of scholarly attention has been paid to coercion. Less attention has been paid to what might be a more pervasive form of influence: manipulation. The essays in this volume address this relative imbalance by focusing on manipulation, examining its nature, moral status, and its significance in personal and social life.

International organizations collect data from national authorities to create multivariate cross-sectional time series for their analyses. As data from countries with not yet well-established statistical systems may be incomplete, the bridging of data gaps is a crucial challenge. This paper investigates data structures and missing data patterns in the cross-sectional time series framework, reviews missing value imputation techniques used for micro data in official statistics, and discusses their applicability to cross-sectional time series. It presents statistical methods and quality indicators

This report provides an overview of a World Bank activity to support structural change for competitiveness and employment opportunities in Tunisia's lagging regions based on value chain and cluster analysis. While state-level policy changes are necessary and important contributions to tackle low growth and job creation in a country, they are often not sufficient. To be effective, these policies need to be accompanied with interventions that address both market and government failures at the local level. The ultimate objective is to create more and better jobs in small and medium-size enterprises by strengthening their competitiveness in a diversified range of markets. The overview report provides the main findings of the value chain and jobs survey, the two related market analyses, and the local capacity building effort that supported the creation of the "Taskforce for Value Chain and Cluster Development" in Tunisia. Each aspect is also covered in a dedicated companion report.

This paper studies whether the decentralization of public employment services (PES) increases job placements among the unemployed. Decentralizing PES has been a widely applied reform used by governments aiming to enhance their efficacy. However, economic theory is ambiguous about its effects, and empirical evidence has been scarce. Using a difference-in-differences design, we exploit unique within-country variation in decentralization provided by the partial devolution of German job centers in 2012. We find that decentralization reduces job placements by approximately 10%. Decentralized providers expand the use of public job creation schemes which diminish job seekers' reemployment prospects but shift costs to higher levels of government.