Suchergebnisse

Some forty-one individuals selected for their knowledge in which they were asked to rank Ark a n s a s governors from 1900 to 1970 in categories ranging from great to poor. Although not one of the sixteen governors was ranked as great, those securing the highest ranking were activist governors with a reformist orientation, and in this sense, the results were similar to those obtained by Arthur S. Schlesinger and others when Presidents of the United States were evaluated by experts on the Presidency. Respondent comments on each governor are summarized and there is also a brief treatment of each governor and the historical period during which he held office.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 Arguments for Self-Help and Mutual Aid -- 2 Conceptualising Community Self-Help -- 3 The Extent of Community Self-Help -- 4 A Route into Employment: Community Self-Help as a Springboard -- 5 A Complement to the Market and State: Community Self-Help as a Coping Strategy -- 6 An Alternative to the Market and State: Community Self-Help as a Challenge -- 7 Supporting and Developing Community Self-Help -- 8 Community Self-Help in Visions of Future Political Organisation -- References -- Index.

From text: This article deals with the decision-making powers of different spheres of government, in terms of various pieces of legislation, with regard to the development of agricultural land and, more specifically, the subdivision or rezoning of such land.

In terms of the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act 70 of 1970, the (national) Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has to authorise, in writing, every application for the subdivision of agricultural land. The following proviso was added to the definition of 'agricultural land' in the Act in 1995: "Provided that land situated in the area of jurisdiction of a transitional council as defined in section 1 of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act No. 209 of 1993), which immediately prior to the first election of the members of such transitional council was classified as agricultural land, shall remain classified as such." The question that arose in this case was whether the proviso only existed during the lifetime of transitional councils. An affirmative answer to the above question would result in the de facto and de jure implicit termination (and disappearance) of agricultural land as a category in South African law and, consequently, of the Minister's power to approve any subdivision of agricultural land. A negative answer would imply that agricultural land remains as a category, that the provisions of SALA need to be complied with, and that the Minister's written approval needs to be obtained for each and every application for subdivision of agricultural land. This article contends that the Constitutional Court was correct in finding that the proviso (and the Act) is still applicable today.

Die Verfasser referieren Ergebnisse verschiedener empirischer Untersuchungen zur politischen Einstellung Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener in Rußland. Gefragt wird nach der Parteipräferenz, der Einstellung zu politischen Grundrichtungen der Transformation, der Einstellung zu Kirche und Militär sowie der Einstellung zu Politikern und politischen Institutionen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse decken den Zeitraum zwischen 1990 und 1996 ab. Sie machen deutlich, daß die Jugend in Rußland über die Parlamentswahlen 1993 und 1995 sowie die Präsidentschaftswahlen 1996 eine stabile Zustimmung zu Demokratie und radikaler Gesellschaftsreform artikulieren und bei Wahlen Parteien und Kandidaten der politischen Mitte unterstützen. (BIOst-Wpt)

We investigate whether the degree to which a bilateral investment treaty (BIT) protects against expropriation (i.e., its "stringency") influences the international strategy of multinational enterprises (MNEs) as they invest in countries with varying levels of political instability. We draw on institutional logic and insights from political economics to hypothesize that BIT stringency will moderate the established positive relationship between host country political instability and minority ownership. Analysis of a sample of 289 foreign investments made by AEX-listed Dutch MNEs in 34 countries between 2004 and 2013 provides support: a more stringent BIT will encourage the MNE to choose a majority stake as political instability rises. Robustness tests provide further support for our argument. The results have both managerial and policy implications relating to the role that BIT stringency plays in determining MNE strategy.