Suchergebnisse

Die Verfasser ziehen eine negative Bilanz des 1978 eingeleiteten Reformprozesses im staatlichen Sektor der chinesischen Wirtschaft. Sie weisen auf die steigenden Verluste der Staatsbetriebe hin, für die sie zu hohe Lohnkosten und ein Stagnieren oder Sinken der Produktivität verantwortlich machen. Damit haben die Staatsbetriebe während der Reformperiode makroökonomisch eine destabilisierende Rolle gespielt. Die Zulassung von Wettbewerb, die Ausweitung des Autonomiespielraums der Unternehmensleitung und die Einführung von Anreizen konnten das Ausbleiben einer Umgestaltung der Property Rights nicht kompensieren. Ende September 1997 zog der 15. Parteitag der KP Chinas mit dem Beschluss zur Privatisierung großer Teile des staatlichen Sektors die Konsequenz aus dieser Entwicklung. (BIOst-Wpt)

This paper investigates the relationship between economic reforms and constitutional transition, which has been neglected by many transition economists. It is argued that assessment of reform performance might be very misleading if it is not recognized that economic reforms are just a small part of large scale of constitutional transition. Rivalry and competition between states and between political forces within each country are the driving forces for constitutional transition. We use Russia as an example of economic reforms associated with constitutional transition and China as an example of economic reforms in the absence of constitutional transition to examine features and problems in the two patterns of transition. It is concluded that under political monopoly of the ruling party, economic transition will be hijacked by state opportunism. Dual track approach to economic transition may generate very high long-term cost of constitutional transition that might well outweigh its short-term benefit of buying out the vested interests.

Introduction (All authors, Yoshino to lead) -- Financing the SDGs -- Development and climate finance -- Structure and goal of the book -- Local economic development of Asian countries (Former Director General, Environmental Agency, Kyoto University) -- Trends and current states of green finance -- Issues and barriers in furthering private investment into green energy -- Overview of financing needs in Asia -- New development agenda and roles of development cooperation (Professor Jeffrey Sachs) -- The 2030 Agenda and the SDGs -- Macroeconomic and finance challenges for climate change -- Potential roles of development cooperation ^Yoshino) -- The background of HIT concept -- Financing for environmental improvements by HIT -- Generalizing HIT: Designing effective development and climate finance for local communities (Dr. Kim) -- Innovative finance for local economic development -- Development finance make "risky" business proposal profitable: 'Hometown investment trust fund' with climate finance -- Implementing the new finance approach -- Climate Financing of Green Technologies in the European Union (M. Helble) -- 8, Pension funds and Insurance for Green finance -- 9, Public Private Partnership for Green finance (ADB) -- 10, Viability Gap Funding for Green Finance -- Conclusion