Suchergebnisse

The structure and composition of the Earth's mantle and of the terrestrial planets are considered in the light of the new scientific approaches. These data indicate on the further structural subdivision of the Earth's inner geospheres and of the Moon's deep seated zones. The results of HP- and HT-experiments related with the transformation of the main mantle's and core's components of the Earth, Moon, gaseus giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and ice giant planets (Uranus and Neptune) reveal the new structure and property changes.

У статті визначено та проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку мистецької освіти з 1949 по 1980 рр. у галузі навчання образотворчого мистецтва в початковій школі. З'ясовано програмово-тематичну наповнюваність навчально-виховного матеріалу. Визначено основні художні напрями в образотворчому мистецтві та їхній вплив на тематику навчального матеріалу з предмету в початковій школі. Виявлено основні чинники впливу на формування тем, завдань у шкільних програмах для початкової школи з образотворчого мистецтва. ; In article the analysis is carried out and are defined the main tendencies of development of art education from 1949 to 1980. The historical aspects, socio-economic, political factors and trends in the development of school art education in Ukraine of the studied period are analyzed. The features of art education in secondary school are revealed: its nature and content, aims and objectives, principles and methods of teaching fine arts. As a result of research specifics of realization of problems of art education in the course of program and methodological work at comprehensive schools of Ukraine on the fine arts are studied. Analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature allow to establish that the most important artistic and aesthetic categories reflecting the artistic practice, which, in our opinion, has a direct impact on the educational and upbringing processes by means of arts in school is art direction, that is, the totality of works of art, close to each other on the basis of significant ideological and aesthetic features. In addition, it is the basic unit of the dynamics of development of the history of art. Formation, development, and competing artistic techniques are combined in art direction, but it is also closely associated with the style. In the field of teaching fine arts at elementary school, it is found out, that program and thematic fullness of educational material is important. The main art directions in the fine arts and their influence on subject of a training material are determined by a subject at elementary school. Major factors of influence on formation of subjects, tasks in school programs for elementary school for the fine arts are analyzed. Investigation of the basic artistic movements of the twentieth century gives reason to make some generalizations, namely: in art, the period 1949–1980 is referred to as a struggle between realism and modernism, which directly influenced the formation of educational material on the fine arts in the primary school. Studying and understanding the processes that occur in the development of school art education (1949–1980) will assess the place and importance of art trends in the educational process on the fine arts in elementary school.

У статті описано осноні компонени підструктури спрямованості особистості, які визначив Н. Н. Платонов. Приділено основну увагу їх урахуванню під час навчання усного англомовного спілкування курсантів вищих військових навчальних закладів України. Наголошено на необхідності врахування цінностей та мотивів курсантів, ефективності використання ситуацій професійного та морального характеру, униканні виправлення помилок під час продукування усних висловлювань вищого рівня. ; This article describes the main components of orientation substructure of a person defined by K. K. Platonov. The main part of the article refers to consideration of psychological peculiarities of cadets while teaching English. The necessity to take values and motives into account are highlighted as well as efficiency of usage professional and moral situations, and the fact that teacher should avoid correcting cadets at the moment of productive speaking.

The article examines the legal status of legal entities of public law as participants in civil circulation. Both general and special research methods were used, which were determined by the purpose of the article, taking into account the object and subject of the research. To study the above-mentioned civil law relations in their interconnection and development, the dialectical method was used. The comparative legal method was used to analyze the world experience of legal regulation of the status of legal entities of public law in foreign legislation and the doctrine of law, in particular, in the legislation of the CIS countries. Results showed that legal entities of public law are organizations; as legal entities; have the characteristics of a legal entity: organizational unity, the presence of separate property, acting in circulation on their own behalf, independent civil liability. In addition to the general features of a legal entity, legal entities of public law also have special features that characterize them as participants in civil turnover. It was concluded that legal entities of public law are a type of legal entity, are created in the administrative order by the state and have targeted legal capacity.

Tribotechnical tests and microstructural studies were carried out. Wear mechanism of nanostructured metalpolymer self-lubricating composite materials has been established. This mechanism involves in the formation of separating polymer layers on the friction surface, which reduces the coefficient of friction and running-in period of parts of friction units. Carbon nanoparticles move along the friction surface, hinder the development of seizure processes during the interaction of microroughnesses of the contacting surfaces of the material and the counterbody during the destruction of the separating polymer layers. It was found that the polymer filler is displaced from the friction zone, carbon nanoparticles are pressed into the open areas of the surface of the copper matrix of the composite when the pressure in the tribocontact is higher than 1.5 MPa. The temperature in the tribocontact increases, the polymer filler degrades, the carbon nanoparticles are removed from the friction zone, the strength properties of the composite decrease, the friction coefficient and the wear rate increase at a sliding speed above 1.5 m/s. The obtained research results can be used in mechanical engineering, transportation industry and power engineering.

На основі переважно закритих до недавнього часу архівних матеріалів показано, що недооцінка досвіду участі військових частин і підрозділів у ліквідації аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС призвела до повторення цих проблем частинами і підрозділами під час проведення АТО та ООС на сході України. Запропоновані підходи до мінімізації цих проблем у майбутньому. ; On the basis of archival materials mostly closed to the recent time, it has been shown that underestimation of the experience of participation of military units in elimination of the Chernobyl accident consequences has led to reappearance of their problems by units taking part in the Anti-terrorist Operation and the Joint Forces Operation in the East of Ukraine. The publication also proposes approaches to minimize these problems in the future.

Останнім часом інтерес до соціального підприємництва, як до нового напрямку наукових досліджень, так і до практичного виду діяльності, істотно зростає. Суспільство все більше і більше потребує нових форм соціально спрямованої діяльності, однією з яких є соціальне підприємництво. Разом з тим необхідною умовою для створення соціально орієнтованих організацій є політичне та правове середовище, яке у свою чергу дозволить створити такі організації, а для їх успішного функціонування й розвитку важливі соціокультурні умови і наявність інститутів, що будуть займатися вивченням, навчанням і підтримкою соціального підприємництва.На сьогоднішній день необхідність розвитку соціального підприємництва в Україні продиктована наявністю великої кількості соціальних проблем. Такими проблемами є: низький рівень життя, безробіття, соціальна напруженість та ряд інших. ; Recently, the interest in social entrepreneurship, both as a new direction of scientific research and as practical activity, is growing significantly. More and more the society needs the new forms of socially-oriented activity, one of which is social entrepreneurship. However, to create socially-oriented organizations it is necessary to have proper political and legal environment that, in its turn, will enable setting up such organizations. And for their efficient functioning and development it is important to have socio-cultural conditions and institutions that will deal with the studying, training and supporting social entrepreneurship.In our days the necessity of social entrepreneurship development in Ukraine is dictated by a large number of social problems. They are low standard of living, unemployment, social tension and a number of others.The article is devoted to the social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the study of functioning efficiency and prospects of development in particular. Due to the fact that the high level of social conscience in the developed countries has led to the creation of a new form of business activity – social entrepreneurship aimed at solving socially important tasks, the authors have studied the main principles of functioning and the reasons for expectation of popularity growth of exactly this type of entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Problems of social entrepreneurship development directly affecting realization possibilities of the aims of citizens' welfare improvement have been analyzed and positive and negative aspects of the development of social entrepreneurship functioning both for the country and for an individual entrepreneur have been investigated.

На основі переважно закритих до недавнього часу архівних матеріалів показано, що недооцінка досвіду участі військових частин і підрозділів у ліквідації аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС призвела до повторення цих проблем частинами і підрозділами під час проведення АТО та ООС на сході України. Запропоновані підходи до мінімізації цих проблем у майбутньому. ; On the basis of archival materials mostly closed to the recent time, it has been shown that underestimation of the experience of participation of military units in elimination of the Chernobyl accident consequences has led to reappearance of their problems by units taking part in the Anti-terrorist Operation and the Joint Forces Operation in the East of Ukraine. The publication also proposes approaches to minimize these problems in the future.