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This paper aims to address the emergence of parallel yet contradictory social movements in Bangladesh and explore the following question: what political factors in Bangladesh led to the emergence of these parallel movements? Unlike what social movements discourse has addressed, Bangladesh has seen the rise of two powerful and binary camps. To understand the growth of such conflicting movements, this paper hypothesizes that the framing of identity and ideology by the movement participants and the media have engendered the concurrent yet conflicting movements in Bangladesh. The paper focuses on how framing strategies led to ideological polarization between these movements.

Aslam-o-alaeekum! Thank you very much for coming. I would like
to welcome you all to the Conference and hope it would be of benefit to
us, not just academically and intellectually but that it would be of
benefit to billions of people on earth who are living in abject poverty.
One of the important things to realise is that this is not inevitable
but rather is a result of the choices we have made. What are these wrong
choices and how can they be changed is the theme of this Conference. One
of the things I would like to say is that world is a battle place of
ideas and these are being played out on a large scale. In the start of
the 20th century, growth was understood as the process of capital
accumulation. Marx and Keynes and classical economists agree on this
idea that growth is about getting more wealth. However, this idea has
fallen into disrepute and the clear conclusion is that growth is about
development of human capabilities. It is a multidimensional process. It
has many components and just the accumulation of wealth is not the
solution to the problems we face. Again, it was thought that development
was about gaining technology and building industries but I think the
realisation is growing stronger that it is all about human
lives.

In this paper I deal with the impact of the exchange marriage system in Pakistan. The system does not only guide in spouse selection, but it is also provide welfare, alliance formation and give strength to kinship. No part of the study, however, dealt with the impact of the system on children anywhere in the world. Based on the qualitative investigation, this article highlights 24 case histories. The Grounded Theory Method guidelines are followed for the data collection and analysis. There are different dimensions of the exchange marriage. However, t h is study reveals child engagement/marriage (even before the birth), forced marriages, mismatch marriage, violence and emergence of domestic conflict in the system of the exchange. This study found drug addiction among children, off and on the street children, children with broken homes, neglected children, and delinquency is due to the system of the marriage. Exchange marriage does not only provide social security and alliance formation but also insecurity and obscured socialization of the children. It is important to have looked on the system of the exchange in development perspective of the future generation. This study highlights the impact of the exchange marriage system among illiterate or low educated people only who strictly follow the system of the exchange.