Suchergebnisse

Der vorliegende Bericht beinhaltet die Kurzfassung der "Klimawirkungs- und Risikoanalyse 2021 für Deutschland" (KWRA 2021). Die KWRA 2021 ist eine wesentliche Grundlage für die Weiterentwicklung der Anpassung in Deutschland, insbesondere für die Entwicklung der nächsten Aktionspläne Anpassung der Bundesregierung. In der Kurzfassung der KWRA 2021 werden die Grundlagen und Ergebnisse der Studie, die in insgesamt sechs Teilberichten veröffentlicht wurden, zusammengefasst dargestellt. Dies umfasst Ausführungen zum konzeptionellen Hintergrund sowie zum methodischen Vorgehen bei der Analyse und Bewertung der Klimawirkungen und Anpassungskapazität. Zudem werden weitere Grundlagen wie Klimaprojektionen und sozioökonomischen Projektionen für Deutschland und eine Analyse der generischen Anpassungskapazität dargestellt. Weiterhin werden die Ergebnisse der Analyse- und Bewertungsschritte für jedes der 13 in der KWRA 2021 berücksichtigten Handlungsfelder in zusammengefasster Form präsentiert. Schließlich werden die wesentlichen Inhalte der handlungsfeldübergreifenden Auswertung, einschließlich der Gesamtbetrachtung der Klimarisiken ohne und mit Anpassung, der Analyse räumlicher Muster und die Gesamtbetrachtung der Handlungserfordernisse, sowie der Überblick zum weiteren Forschungsbedarf kurz wiedergegeben.

AbstractShocks related to weather variations have strong effects on developing countries' economies. Climate change is expected to increase the occurrence and magnitude of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods or hurricanes that strongly affect agriculture and other activities. This special issue gathers literature reviews and case studies that aim to better understand heterogeneous impacts and their transmission channels, as well as to evaluate the impact of such weather shocks on developing economies, including Sub-Saharan African countries, India and Brazil.

An estimated 2.6 billion people rely on traditional biomass for home cooking and heating, so improving the efficiency of household cookstoves could provide significant environmental, social and economic benefits. Some researchers have estimated that potential greenhouse gas emission reductions could exceed 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per year. Carbon finance offers a policy mechanism for realizing some of this potential and could also bring improved monitoring to cookstove projects. However, there are formidable methodological challenges in estimating emission reductions. This paper evaluates the quantification approaches to three key variables in calculating emission impacts: biomass fuel consumption, fraction of non-renewable biomass, and emission factors for fuel consumption. It draws on a literature review as well as on interviews with technical experts and market actors, and identifies lessons learned and knowledge gaps. Key research needs identified include incorporating accounting for uncertainty; development of additional default factors for biomass consumption for baseline stoves; refinement of monitoring approaches for cookstove use; broadened scope of emission factors used for cookstoves; accounting for non-CO2 gases and black carbon; and refinement of estimates and approaches to considering emissions from bioenergy use across methodologies.

Modelling future climate impacts on human health: lessons from Portuguese metropolitan areas
Previous studies have supported a relationship between future climate impacts, climate change, and mortality. Nevertheless, little evidence is available about the burden of cause-specific mortality attributable to future temperatures in Portugal; therefore, our knowledge of potential synergistic effects is limited. Here Dr Mónica Rodrigues, from University of Coimbra (UC), explains that future climate impacts may have hazardous effects on the health and wellbeing of the Portuguese population.

The consensus nowadays is that there is a need to adapt to increasingly occurring climate impacts by means of adaptation plans. However, only a minority of European cities has an approved climate adaptation plan by now. To support stakeholder dialogue and decision-making processes in climate adaptation planning, a detailed spatial information and evidence base in terms of a climate impact assessment is needed. This article aims to compare the climate impact assessment done in the context of two regional climate change adaptation planning processes in a Dutch and a German region. To do so, a comparison of guidelines and handbooks, methodological approaches, available data, and resulting maps and products is conducted. Similarities and differences between the two approaches with a particular focus on the input and output of such analysis are identified and both processes are assessed using a set of previously defined quality criteria. Both studies apply a similar conceptualisation of climate impacts and focus strongly on issues concerning their visualisation and communication. At the same time, the methods of how climate impacts are calculated and mapped are quite different. The discussion and conclusion section highlights the need to systematically consider climatic and socio-economic changes when carrying out a climate impact assessment, to focus on a strong visualisation of results for different stakeholder groups, and to link the results to planning processes and especially funding opportunities.