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This presentation was given at the Pacific Northwest Political Science Association conference in November 2016.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is experienced by one-third of women globally, yet few programs attempt to shift men's IPV perpetration. Community mobilization is a potential strategy for reducing men's IPV perpetration, but this has rarely been examined globally. We conducted a mixed-methods process evaluation alongside a trial testing community mobilization in peri-urban South Africa. We used in-depth interviews (n=114), participant observation (160 hours), and monitoring and evaluation data to assess program delivery. Qualitative data (verbatim transcripts and observation notes) were managed in Dedoose using thematic coding and quantitative data were descriptively analyzed using Stata13. We learned that outreach elements of community mobilization were implemented with high fidelity, but that critical reflection and local advocacy were difficult to achieve. The context of a peri-urban settlement (characterized by poor infrastructure, migrancy, low education, social marginalization, and high levels of violence) severely limited intervention delivery, as did lack of institutional support for staff and activist volunteers. That community mobilization was poorly implemented may explain null trial findings; in the larger trial, the intervention failed to measurably reduce men's IPV perpetration. Designing community mobilization for resource-constrained settings may require additional financial, infrastructural, organizational, or political support to effectively engage community members and reduce IPV.

The course of events leading up to 1947, when independence and partition came to the Indian subcontinent, has colored retrospectiveassessments of Hindu-Muslim relations in many perceptible ways.Polarities in religion and culture receive inordinate attention as theharbingers of the great divide yet to come, as do political developments asturning points in the eventual separate destinies of many Hindus and Muslims in South Asia.

Data for an analysis of a successful housing movement in downtown Mexico City was obtained from fieldwork in 1967/68 & 1971/72, as well as follow-up work in both 1987 & 1997. Research included 65 in-depth interviews with local community/political leaders, formal interviews with 100 residents, numerous informal conversations, observation of group meetings, & perusal of numerous documents. Conceptual understandings of the dynamics of popular protests are discussed to develop a framework for identifying conditions under which movements initiated by people with few material or political resources may be successful. The case history of the inner-city slum area called 'El Centro' describes poorly serviced, dilapidated housing owned by absentee landlords who hoped to drive out residents in order to develop their properties. Destruction of much of the housing in a 1985 earthquake served as an impetus to move local resistance from efforts to defend their rights as tenants, to demands for the government to expropriate the property & build new housing. The political & material consequences of the successful mobilization are discussed. 19 References. J. Lindroth

Data for an analysis of a successful housing movement in downtown Mexico City was obtained from fieldwork in 1967/68 & 1971/72, as well as follow-up work in both 1987 & 1997. Research included 65 in-depth interviews with local community/political leaders, formal interviews with 100 residents, numerous informal conversations, observation of group meetings, & perusal of numerous documents. Conceptual understandings of the dynamics of popular protests are discussed to develop a framework for identifying conditions under which movements initiated by people with few material or political resources may be successful. The case history of the inner-city slum area called 'El Centro' describes poorly serviced, dilapidated housing owned by absentee landlords who hoped to drive out residents in order to develop their properties. Destruction of much of the housing in a 1985 earthquake served as an impetus to move local resistance from efforts to defend their rights as tenants, to demands for the government to expropriate the property & build new housing. The political & material consequences of the successful mobilization are discussed. 19 References. J. Lindroth

AbstractIntroductionCommunity mobilization (CM) is increasingly recognized as critical to generating changes in social norms and behaviours needed to achieve reductions in HIV. We conducted a CM intervention to modify negative gender norms, particularly among men, in order to reduce associated HIV risk.MethodsTwenty two villages in the Agincourt Health and Socio‐Demographic Surveillance Site in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa were randomized to either a theory‐based, gender transformative, CM intervention or no intervention. Two cross‐sectional, population‐based surveys were conducted in 2012 (pre‐intervention, n = 600 women; n = 581 men) and 2014 (post‐intervention, n = 600 women; n = 575 men) among adults ages 18 to 35 years. We used an intent‐to‐treat (ITT) approach using survey regression cluster‐adjusted standard errors to determine the intervention effect by trial arm on gender norms, measured using the Gender Equitable Mens Scale (GEMS), and secondary behavioural outcomes.ResultsAmong men, there was a significant 2.7 point increase (Beta Coefficient 95% CI: 0.62, 4.78, p = 0.01) in GEMS between those in intervention compared to control communities. We did not observe a significant difference in GEMS scores for women by trial arm. Among men and women in intervention communities, we did not observe significant differences in perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), condom use at last sex or hazardous drinking compared to control communities. The number of sex partners in the past 12 months (AOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.77) were significantly lower in women in intervention communities compared to control communities and IPV victimization was lower among women in intervention communities, but the reduction was not statistically significant (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.16).ConclusionCommunity mobilization can reduce negative gender norms among men and has the potential to create environments that are more supportive of preventing IPV and reducing HIV risk behaviour. Nevertheless, we did not observe that changes in attitudes towards gender norms resulted in desired changes in risk behaviours suggesting that more time may be necessary to change behaviour or that the intervention may need to address behaviours more directly.Clinical Trials numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT02129530.