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Cellular networks represent one of the major energy consumers of communication networks and their contribution to the global carbon footprint and energy consumption continuously and rapidly increases. Improving energy efficiency of the cellular access networks become an important requirement and has recently gained considerable attention of the research community and operators. In this paper, improving cellular networks energy efficiency through dynamic adaptation of network resources is presented with foundations which justify practical realization of such approach. Paper gives insight into how the traffic pattern variations and transmitted power scaling influence on the instantaneous power consumption of the base stations. Also, impact of the base stations Tx power on two prominent energy efficiency metrics of the cellular access network is discussed. Results of a proposed optimization approach which is based on dynamic adaptation of the base stations on/off activity and the transmitted power in accordance with the spatial and temporal variations of traffic are presented. According to obtained results, dynamic adaptation of network resources can offer significant monthly energy savings on the level of complete cellular access network.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 8(10), 2017 ; During the last years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted considerable attention within the scientific community. The applications based on Wireless Sensor Networks, whose areas include, agriculture, military, hospitality management, etc. are growing swiftly. Yet, they are vulnerable to various security threats, like Denial Of Service (DOS) attacks. Such issues can affect and absolutely degrade the performances and cause a dysfunction of the network and its components. However, key management, authentication and secure routing protocols aren't able to offer the required security for WSNs. In fact, all they can offer is a first line of defense especially against outside attacks. Therefore, the implementation of a second line of defense, which is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS), is deemed necessary as part of an integrated approach, to secure the network against malicious and abnormal behaviors of intruders, hence the goal of this paper. This allows improving security and protecting all resources related to a WSN. Recently, different detection methods have been proposed to develop an effective intrusion detection system for WSNs. In this regard, we proposed an integral mechanism which is an hybrid Intrusion Detection approach based on anomaly, detection using support vector machine (SVM), specifications based technique, signature and clustering algorithm to decrease the consumption of resources, by reducing the amount of information forwarded. So, our aim is to protect WSN, without disturbing networks performances through a good management of their resources, especially the energy. ; http://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume8No10/Paper_35-Implementation_of_an_Hybrid_Intrusion_Detection_Mechanism.pdf

As wearables provide new health-related functionalities, they can be employed in hospitals to monitor patients and notify the medical personnel regarding their status. However, in order to be approved by the medical community, wearables need to have reliable communication and high lifetime. In such scenarios, it is important to know the probability of correct notification which is affected mainly by the deployment of the wireless wearables and their energy supply. Typically, rooms in hospitals host multiple people and, thus, a clustered communication model should be adopted for more trustworthy results. Moreover, by employing wireless charging, it is possible to provide an uninterrupted operation with high reliability. Therefore, in this paper, we study the aforementioned probability in a clustered network while the wearable devices are wirelessly charged. We provide an analytical model for the wearables' ability to inform quickly the medical personnel and discuss different trade-offs via extensive simulations. ; Grant numbers : This work has been funded by the Catalan Government (2014-SGR-1551) and the research projects CellFive (TEC2014-60130-P).© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

The underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is considered a promising technology for collecting valuable data from underwater areas, particularly for aiding military operations and environmental predictions. UWSNs consist of underwater sensor nodes that have limited energy and use acoustics for communication. Routing in underwater sensor nodes is one of the challenging issues in UWSNs because of the need to forward data packets with minimal energy consumption and a high packet delivery ratio. Selecting the next forwarding nodes is one of the key components of routing in UWSNs and has a direct effect on energy consumption and the packet delivery ratio. Therefore, this problem has gained much attention from the research community with the intent of enhancing the performance of UWSNs. This paper qualitatively reviews routing protocols for UWSNs, focusing on the next-hop selection method and its strengths and weaknesses. A taxonomy is presented for reviewing routing protocols under different categories of the classification. A summary of the qualitative investigation is presented highlighting aims, the next-hop selection method, metrics, and priority considerations. A comprehensive investigation is carried out focusing on energy, link quality, void awareness, reliability, and shortest path characteristics. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions in UWSNs for forwarding node selection.

Koneksi internet bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi sebuah komunikasi layanan file atau data yang sangat dibutuhkan. Pada saat pandemi COVID-19, dimana produktivitas masyarakat saat ini lebih banyak di rumah. Seiring dengan perkembangan penggunaan internet yang melonjak pada saat pandemik COVID, perlu menjadi perhatian karena tidak semua masyarakat yang menggunakan internet sudah berlangganan kepada penyedia internet. Pemberian teknologi tepat guna seperti internet gratis ini bermaksud agar produktivitas masyarakat secara daring dapat lebih meningkat. Politeknik Negeri Jakarta dalam hal ini Program Studi Teknik Multimedia dan Jaringan bekerja sama dengan Kelurahan Tanah Baru Depok guna untuk menyelenggarakan sebuah program sosialisasi internet positif dan pemasangan internet gratis untuk masyarakat dalam usaha memaksimalkan usaha kecil mikro menengah (UMKM) serta aktivitas daring. Program tersebut dilaksanakan dalam rangka kepedulian dalam penggunaan internet yang semakin meningkat di masyarakat. Program ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan peran dalam membantu pemerintah atau pelaksana peningkatan penjualan UMKM secara daring. Hal tersebut berguna untuk mengurangi aktivitas di luar sebagai bentuk pencegahan penyebaran virus. Selain itu pengabdian ini menggunakan teknologi nirkabel sebagai media yang menghubungkan perangkat masyarakat menuju akses internet gratis. Adapun hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu 1) pemasangan perangkat jaringan internet, 2) sosialisasi internet positif dan 3) sosialisasi penggunaan internet gratis. Pengujian dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang telah dilakukan. Masyarakat merasa terbantu dengan adanya fasilitas internet gratis dan sosialisasi internet sehat. Internet connection aims to facilitate a needed file or data service communication during the COVID-19 pandemic, where people's productivity is currently more at home. The community group is the community. Internet use that surged during the pandemic needs to be considered because not all internet users have subscribed to internet providers. The provision of appropriate technology such as free internet is intended to increase public productivity online. In this case, the Jakarta State Polytechnic, the Multimedia and Network Engineering Study Program, collaborates with the Tanah Baru Depok Village to organize a positive internet socialization program and free internet installation for the community to maximize small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and online activities. The program was held in concern for increasing internet users in the community. This program aims to optimize its role in helping the government or implementers to increase sales of MSMEs online. This is useful for reducing outdoor activities to prevent the spread of the virus. In addition, this service uses wireless technology as a medium that connects people's devices to free internet access. The results of community service activities are installing internet network devices, positive internet socialization and socialization of free internet usage. The test was carried out qualitatively to determine community satisfaction with community service that had been carried out. People feel helped by the free internet facilities and healthy internet socialization.

Preprint version Fuchs, Christian. 2017. Sustainability and community networks. Telematics and Informatics 34 (2): 628-639. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.10.003 Full article available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585316303203 Sustainability and Community Networks Christian Fuchs University of Westminster London, UK Westminster Institute for Advanced Studies (WIAS) & Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI) http://fuchs.uti.at c.fuchs@westminster.ac.uk Abstract Community networks are IP-based computer networks that are operated by a community as a common good. In Europe, the most well-known community networks are Guifi in Catalonia, Freifunk in Berlin, Ninux in Italy, Funkfeuer in Vienna and the Athens Wireless Metropolitan Network in Greece. This paper deals with community networks as alternative forms of Internet access and alternative infrastructures and asks: What does sustainability and unsustainability mean in the context of community networks? What advantages do such networks have over conventional forms of Internet access and infrastructure provided by large telecommunications corporations? In addition what disadvantages do they face at the same time? This article provides a framework for thinking dialectically about the un/sustainability of community networks. It provides a framework of practical questions that can be asked when assessing power structures in the context of Internet infrastructures and access. It presents an overview of environmental, economic, political and cultural contradictions that community networks may face as well as a typology of questions that can be asked in order to identify such contradictions. Acknowledgement: The research presented in this paper was conducted with funding provided by the EU Horizon 2020 project netCommons: Network Infrastructure as Commons, http://netcommons.eu/, grant agreement number: 688768 ; Acknowledgement: The research presented in this paper was conducted with funding provided by the EU Horizon ...

International audience ; In this article, we used Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) techniques for monitoring an area under consideration, in order to diagnose its state in real time. What differentiates this type of network from the traditional computer ones is that it is composed by a large number of sensor nodes having very limited and almost nonrenewable energy. A key issue in designing such networks is energy conservation because once a sensor depletes its resources, it will be dropped from the network. This will lead to coverage hole and incomplete data arriving to the sink. Therefore, preserving the energy held by the nodes so that the network keeps running for as long as possible is a very important concern. If we achieve to improve the network lifetime and Quality of Service (QoS). Diagnosing the state of area will be more accurate for a longer time. One of the most important elements to achieve a QoS in WSN is the network coverage which is usually interpreted as how well the network can observe a given area. Obviously, if the coverage decreases over time, the diagnosis quality decreases accordingly. Various coverage strategies are thus proposed by the WSN community, in order to guarantee a certain coverage rate as long as possible, to reach a certain QoS that in turn will impact the diagnosis and prognostic quality. Various other strategies are in common use in WSN like data aggregation and scheduling, to preserve a QoS in wireless sensor networks, as long as possible. We argue that such strategies are not neutral if this network is used for prognostic and health management. Some politics may have a positive impact while other ones may blur the sensed data, like data aggregation or redundancy suppression, leading to erroneous diagnostics and/or prognostics. In this work, we will show and measure the impact of each WSN strategy on the resulting estimation of diagnostics. We emphasized several issues and studied various parameters related to these strategies that have a very important impact on the network, ...

International audience ; In this article, we used Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) techniques for monitoring an area under consideration, in order to diagnose its state in real time. What differentiates this type of network from the traditional computer ones is that it is composed by a large number of sensor nodes having very limited and almost nonrenewable energy. A key issue in designing such networks is energy conservation because once a sensor depletes its resources, it will be dropped from the network. This will lead to coverage hole and incomplete data arriving to the sink. Therefore, preserving the energy held by the nodes so that the network keeps running for as long as possible is a very important concern. If we achieve to improve the network lifetime and Quality of Service (QoS). Diagnosing the state of area will be more accurate for a longer time. One of the most important elements to achieve a QoS in WSN is the network coverage which is usually interpreted as how well the network can observe a given area. Obviously, if the coverage decreases over time, the diagnosis quality decreases accordingly. Various coverage strategies are thus proposed by the WSN community, in order to guarantee a certain coverage rate as long as possible, to reach a certain QoS that in turn will impact the diagnosis and prognostic quality. Various other strategies are in common use in WSN like data aggregation and scheduling, to preserve a QoS in wireless sensor networks, as long as possible. We argue that such strategies are not neutral if this network is used for prognostic and health management. Some politics may have a positive impact while other ones may blur the sensed data, like data aggregation or redundancy suppression, leading to erroneous diagnostics and/or prognostics. In this work, we will show and measure the impact of each WSN strategy on the resulting estimation of diagnostics. We emphasized several issues and studied various parameters related to these strategies that have a very important impact on the network, and therefore on data diagnostics over time. To reach this goal, to evaluate both prognostic and health management with the WSN strategies, we have used six diagnostic algorithms.

Abstract
Since 2019, National Weather Service (NWS) offices have been able to issue 360-character Wireless Emergency Alert ("WEA360") messages for tornadoes. NWS is now considering changing from a "deterministic" to a "probabilistic" warning paradigm. That change could possibly influence how WEA360 messages for tornado are issued in the future. Recent experimental studies have found that probabilistic hazard information (PHI) forecast graphics improve consumers' risk perception for tornadoes, but findings from these studies concerning whether PHI forecast graphics improve people's protective action decision-making are mixed. The present study therefore investigated how mock PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages might influence people's risk perception and protective action decision-making. Analysis of qualitative data gathered from a combination of questionnaire and focus group interview methods conducted in collaboration with 31 community members in Denver, Colorado, indicated that inclusion of PHI forecast graphics within WEA360 messages elicited high levels of understanding and message believability but did not consistently lead to appropriate precautionary intent. Because warning response is a complex social phenomenon, PHI may not significantly improve protective action decision-making if PHI forecast graphics are eventually presented to consumers via the Wireless Emergency Alerts system. Factors that PHI stakeholders should consider before the adoption of PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages for consumers are discussed.

Significance Statement
This study examines how consumers respond to and talk about mock WEA360 messages for tornadoes that contain embedded PHI forecast graphics. As NWS considers moving to a probabilistic warning paradigm, stakeholders will need to determine how PHI forecast graphics might be communicated directly to consumers, if at all. Our findings suggest that combining WEA360 messages with PHI forecast graphics creates challenges and complexities related to consumers' assessment of personal risk and protective action decision-making. Overall, the study suggests that any future PHI-enhanced WEA360 messages provided directly to consumers, if at all, must avoid discrepancies (even subtle) between the level of risk represented by the PHI forecast graphic and the protective action guidance included in the text of the messages.

As of late, traffic blockage, street mishaps, and ecological contamination brought about by traffic, alongside the need to associate and utilize constant applications, have become issues of worldwide intrigue. Different on-screen characters, for example, vehicle producers, the scholarly community, and government offices have begun to invest a ton of energy together towards the acknowledgment of the idea of huge scope vehicular interchanges. One of the primary methodologies in this kind of system is the advancement of remote advances and their assorted organizations, concentrating on the association with the Internet through WiFi systems, cell systems, or specially appointed vehicular systems. VANETs are essentially intended to give data trade through Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to foundation (V2I) interchanges, permitting ceaseless network and being exceptionally utilized for short-range correspondence, with high transmission speed through which it is proposed that clients keep up an association and distinguish occasions about clog or street conditions. This exploration presents a vehicular situation that tries to acquire a sufficient presentation while executing a heterogeneous network in a few segments of the city of Bogotá, Colombia.

It is the year 2030. National mental health policies have come and gone but mental health problems remain a major challenge in the community. The retirement of ageing mental health professionals has left in its wake a serious workforce shortage. As predicted by 20th century futurologists (Ferguson, 2007), there has been an increasing trend towards the transition of mental healthcare control from professionals to consumers. Consumers have access to personal health budgets, which enable them to control how they purchase healthcare support and governments across the world have formed a consortium to fund a single e-mental health platform. Technology developments have enabled the collection of personal data in patient-controlled records, populated by information collected by means of wearable biosensors, implanted microchips and manually entered data. Gone are the clunky prototype health robots of 2013 and in their place are wearable or miniature implanted personal coaches which receive data wirelessly and transmit guidance via invisible wireless earphones and optical devices. Prototype neural implants including brain computer interfaces (Hampson et al., 2012; Mattout, 2012), enabling synthetic telepathy and automated relapse prediction, have become a reality for some (Warwick, 2012). Disenchanted consumers have long since deserted the Australian government's e-mental health portal established in 2012. (First paragraph).

It is the year 2030. National mental health policies have come and gone but mental health problems remain a major challenge in the community. The retirement of ageing mental health professionals has left in its wake a serious workforce shortage. As predicted by 20th century futurologists (Ferguson, 2007), there has been an increasing trend towards the transition of mental healthcare control from professionals to consumers. Consumers have access to personal health budgets, which enable them to control how they purchase healthcare support and governments across the world have formed a consortium to fund a single e-mental health platform. Technology developments have enabled the collection of personal data in patient-controlled records, populated by information collected by means of wearable biosensors, implanted microchips and manually entered data. Gone are the clunky prototype health robots of 2013 and in their place are wearable or miniature implanted personal coaches which receive data wirelessly and transmit guidance via invisible wireless earphones and optical devices. Prototype neural implants including brain computer interfaces (Hampson et al., 2012; Mattout, 2012), enabling synthetic telepathy and automated relapse prediction, have become a reality for some (Warwick, 2012). Disenchanted consumers have long since deserted the Australian government's e-mental health portal established in 2012. (First paragraph).

Purpose
Community wireless networking has become a growing trend in both metropolitan and rural areas around the world. However, few studies have sought to understand what motivates people to use community wireless networks and the unintended effects that those technologies have on communities, particularly for rural users. The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits and usage of an asynchronous wireless internet system in a rural village of Cambodia to examine the issues and challenges in the acceptance of a new technology in a less-developed country.


Design/methodology/approach
By employing qualitative methods of in-depth case analysis, the authors revealed various usage motivations and unintended effects of the system.


Findings
The authors identified five reasons that motivated users to use the system: avowed identity, a means to an end, maintaining personal ties, power and influence, and psychological commitment and ownership. The unintended effects of the system included increased number of interactions among actors and other uses of the system, including internet commerce, telemedicine, and e-government.


Research limitations/implications
This study explores the wireless internet project known as the "Internet Village Motoman Project" that was initiated by a non-governmental organization with funding from private donors, supplemented with matching funds from the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank.


Originality/value
This study contributes to the academic understanding of rural regions of Cambodia and its evidence supports the current theoretical assumptions that user behaviors are not determined only by users' decisions alone (as proposed by traditional cognitive IS research), but also by users and their social interactions as stated in the four-dimensional social actor framework proposed by Lamb and Kling (2003). The latter provides better explanation of the motivation for internet use in the region. The theoretical contribution of this study is the useful adoption of the actor-network approach in a non-organizational setting. The findings also contribute to the literature on how practical internet engineering can bridge the digital divide. Fulfilling the needs identified in the research and understanding unintended effects of the system will contribute to the successful implementation of new internet projects in other rural areas.

Being able to connect high-speed computing and other information technologies into broadband communication networks presents local communities with some of their best chances for renewal. Such technologies are now widely perceived to be not just a nice amenity among corporations and such non-profit organizations as universities but a social and economic necessity for communities struggling to find their place in a rapidly changing world. Today, citizens want and expect their local communities to be "wired" for broadband digital transactions, whether for family, business, education or leisure. Such networks have become a necessity for attracting and retaining the new "knowledge workforce" that will be key to transforming communities into digital societies where people will want to live and work. Since the Internet is a global phenomenon, some of the challenges of globalization for local communities and regions are introduced in this article and suggestions for turning those challenges into opportunities are offered. To attain maximum benefit from the new wired and wireless networks, local strategies must be developed for its implementation and applications must be chosen with some sensitivity to local needs. New Growth theory is used to show why communities must plan their development agenda, and case studies of the Intelligent Community Forum are included to show how strategically used ICTs are allowing local communities to be contributors in global markets.