В статье рассматривается соотношение понятий человеческого и гражданского достоинства и ценности жизни и деятельности российского гражданина. Особое внимание автор уделяет традиционному основанию российского государства пренебрежению жизнью россиян. Чтобы выявить реальную ценность жизни российского гражданина, автор исследует политические и правовые институты реализации прав человека и гражданина в России, а также ментальные структуры национальной идентичности.The article is devoted to the problem of correlation of concepts of human and civil dignity and value of life and activity of Russian citizen. The main attention is given to traditional foundation of the Russian state to neglect the people's life. In order to ascertain the real value of the life of Russian citizen, the author investigates the political and law institutes of the realization of human and citizen rights, as well as the mental structures of the national identity.
There are very few research studies that have evaluated the relationships between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and psychological adjustment in adulthood. This study evaluates the interrelationships between five different types of child maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, witnessing family violence) in a community sample of women and men (N = 175). The relationships between the reported experience of these forms of maltreatment in childhood, family characteristics during childhood, and current psychological adjustment (trauma symptomatology and self-depreciation) were assessed. As hypothesized, family characteristics predicted maltreatment scores and adjustment, and maltreatment scores predicted adjustment after controlling for family environment. There were high correlations between scores on the five maltreatment scales. Results highlight the need to assess all forms of maltreatment when looking at relationships of maltreatment to adjustment and the importance of childhood familial environment for the long-term adjustment of adults.
Aim. To determine if there is a correlation between women's traditional views about marriage and the family (TBAMAK), patriarchal beliefs about marriage (PBAM), and beliefs about wife beating (IBWB) and type and frequency of violence they are subjected to. Method. This study's universe comprises of 64 women housed in Turkish Ministry of Family and Social Policies' women protection houses because of domestic violence. Findings. Data gathered during this study demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between having traditional beliefs about marriage and women being subjected to sexual violence. There is a direct correlation between having beliefs justifying wife beating (JUWB) and women being subjected to sexual violence. There is also an inverse correlation between having patriarchal beliefs about marriage and women being subjected to physical, economical, psychological violence and neglect. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between having traditional beliefs about family and marriage and frequency of being subjected to violence. Results. Data suggests that having traditional and patriarchal beliefs about family and marriage and having beliefs justifying wife beating are partially determinative about the type and frequency of violence women are subjected to. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç, Kadınların aile ve evlilik hakkında geleneksel (TBAMAF) ve ataerkil inançları (PBAM) ve kadın dövmeye ilişkin inançları (IBWB) ile uğradıkları şiddetin türü ve sıklığı arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Yöntem. Çalışmanın evrenini, Türkiye'de Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığına bağlı kadın konuk evlerinde aile içinde şiddete maruz kalmaları nedeni ile koruma altına alınan 64 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Bulgular. Aile ve evlilik hakkında geleneksel inançlara ve kadın dövmeyi haklılaştırmaya ilişkin (JUWB) inaçlara sahip olma ile cinsel şiddete maruz kalma arasında doğrudan; evlilik hakkında ataerkil inançlara sahip olma ile cinsel şiddet hariç, fiziksel, ekonomik, psikolojik şiddete ve ihmale maruz kalma arasında ters yölü bir ilişki vardır. Öte yandan kadınların şiddete uğrama sıklığı ile sadece aile ve evlilik hakkında geleneksel inançları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç. Veriler, kadınların aile ve evlilik hakkında geleneksel ve ataerkil inançlara ve kadın dövmeye ilişkin inançlara sahip olmalarının maruz kaldıkları şiddetin türü ve sıklığı üzerinde kısmen belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir.
Numerous studies have found that ethnic diversity is negatively associated with the provision of local public goods. However, these accounts neglect both the strong role of central institutions in the provision of many "local" public goods and the frequently positive correlation between diversity and the presence of less politically powerful ethnic groups. These factors suggest that existing diversity findings may be explained in some cases by central governments discriminating against areas inhabited by less powerful groups. This hypothesis is tested using data in village-level public goods provision in Northern India, supplemented by data on service provision in Kenyan villages and American cities. While there is evidence that the presence of socially powerful groups is positively associated with service provision, evidence for the diversity hypothesis is weak. The results suggest that failures of public services in diverse areas may reflect larger inequalities within the political system rather than local problems in cooperation.
Objective: To evaluate the influence of prenatal care abandonment in fetal and neonatal mortality. Methods: Assessment study, descriptive and exploratory, primarily on documentary evidence, using a quantitative approach, conducted from October to November 2014. It was used as a data source, 400 death certificates and 400 investigation files of fetal and neonatal deaths and reported in the years 2010 to 2013 were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, to obtain the absolute and relative frequencies, nominal and numerical variables and chi-square Person. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Maranhão (CAAE 26463814.2.0000.5554). Results: When the correlation between prenatal neglect and fetal and neonatal mortality was evaluated, it was observed that the mortality of fetuses, and newborns whose progenitors have left the prenatal care was a growing event. Conclusion: It was possible to confirm the direct influence of prenatal cessation in fetal and neonatal mortality.
The literature on regime change in the MENA region had claimed the occurrence of political liberalization and democratization during the 1990s, foreseeing a transition from the dominant authoritarianism in the region to politically more liberal regimes. These analyses neglect the state of permanent authoritarian political regimes with the centralized economic power and their role as periphery states in the world system. In this paper, we have reassessed the existing literature on regime change in the MENA region taking into account the economic and political impacts of rentier economies, with a close look at the countries in the region where popular uprisings took place to overthrow authoritarian leaders during the first half of 2011. We have followed Schlumberger's (2002) method of classification and comparative approach in order to pinpoint a correlation between the authoritarian regime's economic power based on resource allocation, its political dominance and the leaders' role in neo-liberal global political economy.
AbstractThe curse of natural resources is a well‐documented phenomenon for developing countries. Economies that are richly endowed with natural resources tend to grow slowly. Among the transition economies of the former 'Eastern Bloc', a similar pattern can be observed. This paper shows that a large part of the variation in growth rates among the transition economies can be attributed to the curse of natural resources. After controlling for numerous other factors, there is still a strong negative correlation between natural resource abundance and economic growth. Among the transition economies the prime reasons for the curse of natural resources were corruption and a neglect of basic education. In order to overcome the curse of natural resources and move to a sustainable path of development, the resource abundant transition countries should fight corruption and ensure that their resource revenues are invested in human capital or the preservation of natural capital.
This paper describes variables related to the successful achievement of goals in eleven New Careers projects. These programs were funded by the National Institute of Mental Health as an effort to improve mental health delivery services through more effective training and career development of nonprofessional staff. Correlations, path analysis and case study data were used to develop models of successful program functioning. Both the techniques of study and the findings might be applicable to other human service programs. Among factors which appear to affect success were (a) the use of a system of program planning and self-assessment; (b) the ability of the staff to influence relevant outside agencies and groups informally; and (c) the employment of staff or consultants who have capacity in all critical areas. One hazard was overallocation of resources to the most salient goals and the neglect of less immediately pressing but important goals.
Abstract The abilities to predict, explain, and control might arise out of operations on a common underlying representation or, conversely, from independent cognitive processes. We developed a novel experimental paradigm to explore how individuals might use probabilistic mental models in these three tasks, under varying levels of complexity and uncertainty. Participants interacted with a simple chatbot defined by a finite-state machine, and were then tested on their ability to predict, explain, and control the chatbot's responses. When full information was available, performance varied significantly across the tasks, with control proving most robust to increased complexity, and explanation being the most challenging. In the presence of hidden information, however, performance across tasks equalized, and participants demonstrated an alternative neglect bias, i.e., a tendency to ignore less likely possibilities. A second, within-subject experimental design then looked for correlations between abilities. We did not find strong correlations, but the challenges of the task for the subjects limited our statistical power. To understand these effects better, a final experiment investigated the possibility of cross-training, skill transfer, or "zero-shot" performance: how well a participant, explicitly trained on one of the three tasks, could perform on the others without additional training. Here we found strong asymmetries: participants trained to control gained generalizable abilities to both predict and explain, while training on either prediction or explanation did not lead to transfer. This cross-training experiment also revealed correlations in performance; most notably between control and prediction. Our findings highlight the complex role of mental models, in contrast to task-specific heuristics, when information is partially hidden, and suggest new avenues for research into situations where the acquisition of general purpose mental models may provide a unifying explanation for a variety of cognitive abilities.
Big data and individual autonomy in a crowd / Barbara J. Evans -- Big data's epistemology and its implications for precision medicine and privacy / Jeffrey M. Skopek -- Big data's epistemology and its implications for precision medicine and privacy / Tal Z. Zarsky -- Correlation vs. causation in health-related big data analysis : the role of reason and regulation / Tal Z. Zarsky -- Big data and regulatory arbitrage in healthcare / Nicolas P. Terry -- The future of pharmacovigilance : big data and the False Claims Act / Efthimios Parasidis -- Big data's new discrimination threats : amending the Americans with Disabilities Act to cover discrimination based on data-driven predictions of future disease / Sharona Hoffman -- Who's left out of big data? How big data collection, analysis, and use neglects populations most in need of medical and public health research and interventions / Sarah E. Malanga, Jonathan D. Loe, Christopher T. Robertson, Kenneth S. Ramos -- Potential roadblocks in health care big data collection : Gobeille v. Liberty Mutual, ERISA, and all-payer claims databases / Carmel Shachar, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Gregory Curfman, Ameet Sarpatwari --
ABSTRACT The research intended to establish a connection between complex posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and the accepting/rejecting parenting of mothers, survivors of complex trauma. The goal was also to examine how protective factors, resilience, and perceived social support moderate the effect of C-PTSD on the mother's rejecting parenting, as well as how parental traumas and their parenting predicts parenting of women survivors. The study results are based on a survey completed by 100 women at the age 19 – 64. The sample had two groups: mothers with C-PTSD and a control group without C-PSTD. The results indicate that complex trauma can predict mother's parenting rejection. C-PTSD displays correlations with all five dimensions of the negative parenting styles (lackof affection/neglect/aggression/control/undifferentiated rejection). Resilience acted as a moderator between C-PTSD and rejecting parenting. Parental traumas and their rejecting parenting manifest in women's parenting Key words: C-PTSD, trauma exposure, women, parenting,resilience
How much should we pay to remove the interdependence of biased information sources? This question is relevant in both statistics and political economy. When there are many information sources or variables, their dependence may be unknown, which creates multivariate ambiguity. One approach to answer our leading question involves use of decoupling inequalities from probability theory. We present a new inequality, designed to cope with this question, which holds for any type of dependence across information sources. We apply our method to a simple formalization of a political echo chamber. For a given set of marginal information, this bound is the sup over all possible joint distributions connecting the marginals. Our method highlights a price to pay for facing summed dependent (multivariate) data, similar to the probability premium required for univariate data. We show that a conservative decisionmaker will pay approximately 50% more than if the data were independent, in order to freely neglect the correlations.
В настоящее время перечень субъектов профилактики преступного и иного правона-рушающего поведения несовершеннолетних законодательно регламентирован. Основные субъекты четко обозначены в тексте Федерального закона от 24 июня 1999 г. № 120-ФЗ «Об основах системы профилактики безнадзорности и правонарушений несовершеннолетних». Однако остаются вопросы корректности формирования данного перечня. Отдельного внимания заслуживает оценка правильности определения компетенции данных субъектов и эффективности их деятельности. ; The article states that juvenile delinquency prevention is one of the focal points of state policy and one of the most relevant concerns in Russian society. A single legal framework must form the basis of the system of prevention. The problem is whether a juvenile delinquency prevention system existing since 1999 needs cardinal reconstruction or further development. The issue about juvenile justice in Russia is a disputable one. Nowadays, some juvenile technologies are used within the framework of current prevention system. However, regardless the chosen direction of reforming, the enforcement of effective juvenile delinquency prevention depends on the efficiency of its subjects' activity, Nowadays, the range of bodies and institutions of the system of juvenile neglect and delinquency prevention is determined in Article 4 of the Federal law №120-FZ of 24.06.1999 "On the fundamentals of the system of juvenile neglect and delinquency prevention". When reading this document we cannot but pay attention to a number of significant circumstances. The present article deals with some controversial points related to the regulation of the activity of separate subjects of prevention in the text of the Federal law of 24.06.1999 "On the fundamentals of the system of juvenile neglect and delinquency prevention". It has been noted that the above law does not contain any information about the activity of some subjects of prevention. Moreover, the author analyses three basic directions in legislative regulation of preventive activities. They include: 1) adoption of the Federal enactment to regulate the crime prevention activities; 2) development of regional legislation in the sphere of juvenile delinquency prevention and crime prevention on the whole; 3) correlation of legal enactments with the provisions of Federal law № 120-FZ of 24.06.1999. The article attempts to estimate the reasonableness of legislative regulation for the activity of subjects of juvenile delinquency prevention and define the most challenging issues which are to be solved both on the federal and regional level.
The rich body of literature examining the entrepreneurship education-entrepreneurship intention relations tends to neglect the influence of contingent and other mediating factors on the relationship. This elusion creates an erroneous assumption that entrepreneurship intentions are insulated from external influences and the entrepreneurship education-intentions relationship is an automatic, directly linear interaction. Contesting this premise, this research explores the influence of exposure to entrepreneurship education (EE), mediated by precursors (such as attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) to entrepreneurial intentions on the actual entrepreneurship intentions (EI) of vocational education students at a particular institution in Zimbabwe. Drawing on a cross-sectional research design and 154 randomly selected students, the study examines the extent to which they intended to engage in entrepreneurship careers in the near future. A non-parametric technique, the Spearman correlation test, and regression analysis were employed to test the relationships between EE on the direct determinants of EI, between the immediate determinants of EI and actual EI and to test a number of predictive effects. The results demonstrate that EE had a positive correlation with the direct determinants of EI. In addition, EE predicted all the immediate determinants of EI, except for subjective norms. Lastly, there was no evidence to support a direct predictive effect of EE on EI, controlling for other psychological factors. To a large extent, the results validated the Theory of Planned Behavior as a guiding tool for estimating any premeditated entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, the Theory remains an invaluable theoretical lens for academics, educators and policymakers' evaluation of effective ways of enhancing the grooming of potential entrepreneurs.
This article examines the impacts of Zimbabwe's Command Agriculture (CA) program, a state-driven cereal production model implemented since 2016. In the context of the neglect of cereal crops by African states generally under the accumulation strategies of international and domestic capital, and in the face of persisting neoliberal strategies led by international agencies such as the World Bank, the Zimbabwe experience continues to provide insights into the problems and prospects of planning under neoliberalism. In the case of CA, the Government of Zimbabwe intervened to bolster maize production, which had remained underfunded. The study shows a distinct correlation between national food self-sufficiency and, to some extent, economic stability and growth under state intervention and planning. This suggests that the CA program, as well as other planning initiatives, can stimulate economic growth and development if well managed. It illuminates how farmers were recruited and mobilized under CA and attempts to identify the weaknesses and challenges of the program. We posit that state planning in cereal production poses a threat to neoliberalism and the hierarchical international food system, and is an important step toward attaining national sovereignty.
