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I want to argue today that direct democracy is undesirable and unconstitutional. I want to argue to you that the Supreme Court should find that the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative is unconstitutional, and strike it down. So I want to make two points. First, I am going to argue that direct democracy is undesirable. This is a normative argument; it's not an argument about constitutional doctrine. Second, I want to argue that direct democracy is unconstitutional, and make a series of different arguments as to why.

Over the past decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) around the world has nearly tripled, and with this surge have come dramatic shifts in FDI flows. In Foreign Direct Investment, distinguished economists look at changes in FDI, including historical trends, specific country experiences, developments in the semiconductor industry, and variations in international mergers and acquisitions. Chapters cover such topics as theoretical accounts of FDI patterns, the growth of multinational enterprises, and the FDI experiences of Japan, the United States, and selected developing countries. This volume will interest economists, government officials, and business people concerned with FDI today.

This book charts the change, critically evaluating progress, take-up, inclusion and access to direct payments by different user groups. With contributions from leading campaigners, academics, practitioners, direct payment users and personal assistants, the book provides an overview of the history of direct payments; presents findings from key research into direct payments and disabled people, older people, carers, people with mental health problems, people with learning difficulties and disabled children; discusses the implementation and development of direct payments provision and compares developments in the UK with those in North America. Developments in direct payments is an important source of information for social work students and practitioners and others working in the field of health and social care. The useful, up-to-date evidence and discussions relating to care, independence and control will also be of interest to users and providers of help and support.

Abstract
Instruments of direct democracy can be – and are – used to further and strengthen illiberal democracy by restricting minority rights (1). The legal design of these instruments can make this easier or less likely (2).

Public choice theory provides arguments to explain why protectionism is prevalent all over the world. In this paper it is argued that even when citizens have the possibility to decide on trade barriers in direct democracy, tariffs are maintained or even increased. This result is traced to the process of drafting the proposal, the individual decision to participate in the vote and the efforts to become informed properly about the alternatives put to the vote. As first an empirical investigation is made to test the theoretical hypotheses about protectionism in direct democracy by using data for referendums in Switzerland. ; Die ökonomische Theorie der Politik ermöglicht zu erklären, wie sich protektionistische Interessen im politischen Entscheidungsprozess einer reprasentativen Demokratie durchsetzen. Auch in einem System der direkten Demokratie, in dem die Bürger im Rahmen von Volksabstimmungen mitentscheiden können, kann die inländische Handelspolitik zugunsten von spezifischen Interessen beeinflusst werden. Möglichkeiten hierzu bestehen auf drei Ebenen des politischen Entscheidungsprozesses: im Vorbereitungsprozess der Gesetzes- bzw. Abstimmungsvorlage; bei der individuellen Entscheidung, sich an der Abstimmung zu beteiligen; und bei der Entscheidung der Abstimmenden, sich fur oder gegen die Vorlage auszusprechen. Die Bestimmungsgründe, die in der direkten Demokratie zu zunehmender Protektion und der Wahl spezifischer protektionistischer Instrumente fiihren, werden diskutiert und erstmals anhand von Referenden in der Schweiz empirisch überprüft.