Suchergebnisse

The ripe fruits of Cucumis metuliferus were collected at Vom, Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, cleaned, sliced, air-dried, pulverised and cold extracted with solvents of different polarities (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and distilled water). The ground powder and the extracts obtained were phytochemically screened for their chemical composition. These revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract was determined in chicken by oral (p.o) and intra-peritoneal (i.p) routes. An LD50 above 5000 mg/kg body weight was established for both routes, indicating that probably the fruit of C. metuliferus is not toxic.

The use of waste generated from the processing of human foods in the diet of turtles is an alternative for reducing production costs without compromising the development and sustainability of the animal production system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the behaviour and acceptance of different food wastes from fruit processing by scorpion mud turtles (Kinosternon scorpioides) in captivity. We used 25 scorpion mud turtles, from which we assessed the acceptance of five different fruit processing wastes: crushed, dried coconut; orange bagasse; crushed pineapple peel; acerola bagasse; and mango bagasse. These treatments had five repetitions each, totaling 25 experimental units. Each unit was composed of one animal, and ten repetitions were performed. The nonparametric analysis of variance, Kruskal‒Wallis test followed by the SNK test (5%), was used to compare the treatments. The phases of feeding behaviour observed in the animals included foraging, approach, olfactory recognition, capture, dilaceration, and ingestion. Neustophagia and head cleaning of the forelimbs after ingestion were observed. In addition, all the residues tested were accepted, with greater acceptability of mango bagasse, orange bagasse, and bagasse acerola. The results revealed 100% survival and no difference (P > 0.05) in weight gain between the experimental groups.

Mr Bates goes to Washington : industrialisation, consumerism, overseas trade and British co-operation 1800-1890 : an overview -- Butter, dried fruit and the big apple : the rise of the CWS/SCWS as a global business 1863-1890 -- Indian cuppas, West African soap and Irish failures : the maturing of a global supply network : the CWS's international trade, British co-operation and the British state 1890-1918 -- Dealing with dictators and developing the empire : the zenith of British co-operation and the world 1918-1945? -- Retreat and deconstruction : the decline of the global British co-operative wholesale networks 1945-1980 and West Africa and South Asia : two case studies of the wholesales overseas -- Rebuilding global networks and moral regeneration : evaluating the emergence of the co-operative group 1980-2018 within the global history of British wholesale co-operation -- Bibliography -- Index.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter One: The Origins of Government:(or) Defending Humanity from Giant Carnivorous Vegetables -- Chapter Two: The United States Is Born:(or) The Spirit of Freedom Wakes Up and Smells the Heifers -- Chapter Three: Our Government Today:(or) Protecting You from Misleadingly Named Dried Fruit -- Chapter Four: Touring Washington, D.C.:(or) The Many Wonders of Wing Tip World -- Chapter Five: The Presidential Election Process:(or) Goobers on Parade -- Chapter Six: A Modern American Political Campaign:(or) Seven Weeks of Truth in Advertising -- Chapter Seven: The Making of the President 2000: (or) Let's Give Florida Back to Spain (Assuming Spain Will Take It) -- Chapter Eight: The Making of the President 2000,:Continued:(or) Quick! Fetch Mr. Rather's Tranquilizer Dart! (or) Lawyers Out the Wazoo -- Conclusion -- Dedication -- Other Books by This Author -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author.

Zivzik pomegranate is an important source of income for producers in Siirt province. There are many harmful insect species that cause loss of yield and quality in pomegranate. This study was carried out to determine the pest insect species in Zivzik pomegranate production areas in Siirt province and its districts in 2018 and 2019. The study was conducted total in 38 orchards in 12 villages in 3 districts (Central, Şirvan and Pervari). To determine the insect species, samples were collected with pheromone trap, shoot cutting, visual inspection, Japanese umbrella and cultivation methods. As a result of the studies, a total of 24 harmful insect species belonging to 7 orders and 19 families were identified. Among these species, Carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller, 1839)), Pomegranate aphid (Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863) and Chrysobothris affinis (Fabricius, 1794) were found to be important species. dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus spp.) fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830), Ash whitefly (Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday, 1835)), leopard moth borer (Zeuzera pyrina Linnaeus, 1761) and Tenuipalpus granati Sayed, 1946 were determined as secondary pests. Furthermore, Chrysobothris affinis (Fabricius, 1794) detected in this study is the first record for the pomegranate fauna of Turkey

The aim of this study is to produce a functional product for diets that arise due to preferences such as vegan diet or health problems such as celiac, with the increase of consumer awareness. For this purpose, bars containing various fruits, dried fruits, nuts and spices were produced. For this purpose, 7 different formulations were prepared using design expert. While the ratio of pumpkin and banana was changed in the mixture, the ratios of other ingredients (oats, raisins, cranberries, pumpkin seeds, coconut oil, spice mix, flaxseed) were kept constant. It was determined that the protein content of the bars increased as the amount of pumpkin increased. In the sensory analysis, the gluten-free bars produced were appreciated by the panelists. There was no statistical difference in the ash content, moisture content, oil content and L*, a*, b*, C* color values of the gluten-free bars. The samples were optimized considering their protein content and sensory properties. The formulation with the highest acceptability value (0.884) was determined as the sample containing 75.79 g of banana and 184.21 g of pumpkin.

The EcO2 Controlled Atmosphere treatment (CA), based on low-oxygen in combination with increased temperatures (e.g. 35° Celsius), is commercially used world-wide to control insects in post harvest commodities, structures, silos, and container cargo (imported and exported and treated according Quarantine and Pre-shipment regulations). CA treatments have gained industry and government acceptance as the non-toxic fumigant technology for a variety of applications. EcO2 applies it in the market on a practical basis, making it available for the industry. Treatments are carried out by applying them in climate controlled rooms, silos, barges or containers with fixed or mobile installations. CA has shown to be effective in controlling eggs, larvae and pupae, present in different sorts of (dried) commodities.CA treatments have many advantages over traditional fumigants, including no pest resistance, residue-free and safe. In addition, installations equipped to carry out CA treatments are yet available in 13 countries serving a wide variety of industries.CA treatments are applied to control insects in a wide variety of post harvest commodities like dried fruits, nuts, spices, seeds, rice, grains, tobacco etc.Keywords: stored product pest control, controlled atmospheres, heat, disinfestations, post harvest, environmentally friendly,Methyl bromide, Phosphine and Sulfuryl Fluoride

The fruit of Cucumis metuliferus was collected at Vom, Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, this was cleaned, sliced, air dried, pulverised and cold extracted with solvents of different polarities. The (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water) extracts of C. metuliferus were tested for in vitro antimicrobial assay against Salmonella gallinarum at varying concentrations, 200 mg/ml to 1000 mg/ml using the disc diffusion method. There was no zone of inhibition by the n-hexane and chloroform extracts at 1000 mg/ml, it was resistant. The methanol extract showed zones of inhibition of 8.33 ± 0.52, 9.67 ± 0.52, 11.67 ± 1.03, 13.67 ± 0.52 and 14.67 ± 0.52 mm at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/ml respectively. The water extract showed zones of inhibition of 7.50 ± 0.55, 8.50 ± 0.55 and 9.67 ± 0.52 mm at 600, 800 and 1000 mg/ml respectively. The zones of inhibition for the standard antibiotics ciprofloxacin 5 µg, chloramphenicol 10 µg and augmentin® 30 µg was 19.33 ± 1.03, 10.66 ± 0.52, 7.33 ±0.52, mm respectively, while tetracycline 30 µg, erythromycin 5 µg, ceftazidime 30 µg and oxacillin 1µg were resistant. The MIC and MBC of 50 mg/ml was recorded for the methanol extract. This study therefore showed that the fruit extracts of Cucumis metuliferus has antimicrobial activity and may probably provide the basis for its use in traditional medicine.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is secondary metabolite naturally produced in food and feed by toxigenic fungi, especially some Aspergillus species and Penicillium verucosum. OTA is one of the most studied mycotoxins and is of great interest due to its toxic effects on human and animals. OTA is produced in different food and feed matrices and contaminates a large range of base foods including cereals and derivatives, spices, dried fruits, wine and coffee, etc. Morocco, a North African country, has a climate characterized by high humidity and temperature, which probably favors the growth of molds. This contribution gives an overview of principal investigations about the presence of OTA in foods available in Morocco. Due to its toxicity, OTA presence is increasingly regulated worldwide, especially in countries of the European Union. However, up until now, no regulation limits were in force in Morocco, probably due to the ignorance of the health and economic problems resulting from OTA contamination. Finally, recommendations and future research directions are given required to assess the situation completely.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is secondary metabolite naturally produced in food and feed by toxigenic fungi, especially some Aspergillus species and Penicillium verucosum. OTA is one of the most studied mycotoxins and is of great interest due to its toxic effects on human and animals. OTA is produced in different food and feed matrices and contaminates a large range of base foods including cereals and derivatives, spices, dried fruits, wine and coffee, etc. Morocco, a North African country, has a climate characterized by high humidity and temperature, which probably favors the growth of molds. This contribution gives an overview of principal investigations about the presence of OTA in foods available in Morocco. Due to its toxicity, OTA presence is increasingly regulated worldwide, especially in countries of the European Union. However, up until now, no regulation limits were in force in Morocco, probably due to the ignorance of the health and economic problems resulting from OTA contamination. Finally, recommendations and future research directions are given required to assess the situation completely.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the spray-dried characteristics such as physical properties, morphologies, glass transition temperatures (Tg), and prebiotic activity of white dragon fruit (WDF) powders produced using different wall materials, namely resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and maltodextrin (MD), at optimum spray drying conditions. Results showed that RMD decreased water activity and moisture content, and increased bulk density and true density of powder more than MD. In addition, the particle size of RMD-coated powder (WRMD) was smaller than that of MD-coated powder (WMD), and the morphology of the WRMD powder showed that it had a smooth surface as compared to WMD powder, where shrinkage and dent surfaces were observed. The Tg of WMD powder had higher value, but both types of powders were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Then, both powders were further investigated for their ability to support the growth of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus casei Shirota. The growth of the anaerobic bacteria was determined every 6 h for 24 h at 37°C in six modified MRS media containing glucose, RMD, MD, WRMD powder, WMD powder, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as the substrates. Results indicated that all substrates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the growth of the probiotic bacteria, with WRMD powder yielding the highest bacterial count. Based on the findings, WRMD powder can be considerably used as a new prebiotic source for the functional food industry.

Specialty crops are defined as fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops including floriculture. The value of specialty crop production in the United States accounted for 18.44 % of the $433.569 billion in agriculture cash receipts collected in 2021. In 2020, that ratio was 21.47% of the $363.464 billion. Specialty crops are gaining increasing attention across nation as demonstrated in the 2018 farm bill (Agricultural Act of the 2018 Farm Bill (P.L. 115-334)) with the increased number of provisions addressing specialty crop issues, reflecting their growing role in the global economy. The cultivation of Specialty crops, nevertheless, has its own challenges. Specialty crops are generally more sensitive to climatic stressors and require more comprehensive management compared to traditional row crops. Specialty crops face significant financial risks threatening US$1.6 Trillion global market due to their higher water demand. The mission of the book is to prepare current and future software engineering teams, agriculture students, economists, macroeconomists with the skills and tools to fully utilize advanced data science, artificial intelligence, climate patterns, and economic models to develop software capabilities that help to achieve Specialty crops and economic sustainability, through improved productivity for years to come and ensure enough food for the future of the planet and generations to come!

Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) seeds are usually discarded without further utilisation in food production. In the present work, to determine the food resource value of longan seeds, their nutritional components, bioactive materials, and antioxidant activity were compared with those of the longan aril, the edible portion. The dried longan aril and seeds produced in Thailand were examined for their primary nutritional composition, organic acid composition, phenolic contents (gallic acid and ellagic acid), and antioxidant activity; including the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and reducing power. Based on the proximate composition, the longan aril had higher moisture (9.85%) and crude ash (4.07%) contents, whereas the seed had higher crude protein (7.38%), crude lipid (4.91%), and carbohydrate (83.63%) contents. Among the minerals, calcium (122.60 mg/100 g), potassium (2.053.50 mg/100 g), phosphorus (191.21 mg/100 g), and sodium (25.24 mg/100 g) contents were higher in the longan aril, whereas magnesium (69.83 mg/100 g) and iron (2.97 mg/100 g) contents were higher in the seed. The contents of most free sugars and organic acids were higher in the longan aril than in the seed. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed the contents of gallic acid and ellagic acid were higher in the seed (1.54 and 1249.50 µg/g, respectively) than in the aril. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, which indicate the antioxidant activity, were higher in the longan seed (248.42 mg GAE/g and 6.37 mg CAE/g, respectively) than in the longan aril, whereas the seed showed higher values for all the antioxidant activities than the aril. Our findings suggest that the longan seed exhibits not only high contents of nutrients but also an outstanding antioxidant activity, thereby verifying the high value of longan seeds as a potential food resource.

Vacuum freeze-drying of biological materials is one of the best methods of water removal, with final products of highest quality. The solid state of water during freeze-drying protects the primary structure and the shape of the products with minimal volume reduction. In addition, the lower temperatures in the process allow maximal nutrient and bioactive compound retention. This technique has been successfully applied to diverse biological materials, such as meats, coffee, juices, dairy products, cells, and bacteria, and is standard practice for penicillin, hormones, blood plasma, vitamin preparations, etc. Despite its many advantages, having four to ten times more energy requirements than regular hot air drying, freeze-drying has always been recognized as the most expensive process for manufacturing a dehydrated product. The application of the freeze-drying process to plant-based foods has been traditionally dedicated to the production of space shuttle goods, military or extreme-sport foodstuffs, and specialty foods such as coffee or spices. Recently, the market for 'natural' and 'organic' products is, however, strongly growing as well as the consumer's demand for foods with minimal processing and high quality. From this perspective, the market for freeze-dried plant-based foods is not only increasing but also diversifying. Freeze-dried fruits and vegetables chunks, pieces, or slices are nowadays majorly used in a wide range of food products such as confectionaries, morning cereals, soups, bakeries, meal boxes, etc. Instant drinks are prepared out of freeze-dried tea, coffee, or even from maple syrup enriched with polyphenol concentrated extracts from trees. The possibilities are endless. In this review, the application of freeze-drying to transform plant-based foods was analyzed, based on the recent research publications on the subject and personal unpublished data. The review is structured around the following related topics: latest applications of freeze-drying to plant-based foods, specific technological ...

Arbutus unedo L., commonly known as strawberry-tree, is a shrub used as ornamental plant in the gloomy Mediterranean areas which fruits are popularly eaten and used to produce beverages . Beyond these common applications, these fruits could also be explored for their phenolic composition, once they are a source of anthocyanin compounds with great colouring capacity to be potentially used in food industry, in detriment of artificial colorants. In this context, the present study aimed to optimize the extraction of these compounds from A. unedo fruits through different techniques, namely heat and ultrasound assisted extraction and, for that purpose, a response surface methodology was applied using the circumscribed central composite design of three variables with five levels. For the model application, the anthocyanin concentration and the extraction yield were used as responses, being the identification of these compounds performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. The anthocyanin profile of A. unedo fruits consisted of delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-pentoside, with cyanidin-3-glucoside as the most abundant one. Heat assisted extraction proved to be the most effective technique at 5 min, 90°C, and 80% of ethanol, yielding 51.2% of fruit dry weight, with a total anthocyanin concentration of 382.4 μg/g of dried fruit, and 744.6 μg/g of extract. Moreover, these response values were slightly improved by studying the solid/liquid ratio effect at the optimal conditions indose-response format, showing steady extraction values from 5 to 40 g/L. The obtained results showed the possibility of using A. unedo fruits as a source of anthocyanin compounds for industrial applications. ; European Union Regional Development Fund: Programme PT2020 (CIMO Project UID/AGR/00690/2013; LA LSRE-LCM Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984; Carla Pereira grant SFRH/BPD/122650/2016); Programme Portugal-NORTE2020 (Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-023289: DeCodE; Project NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®); Programmme INTERREG V-A Espanha-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020 (Project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E). And Xunta de Galicia, Spain, for M.A. Prieto grant. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion