Daniel Beimborn develops a formal model in order to explore cooperative sourcing activities in the banking industry. Together with survey data from the German banking industry, the model is used in simulation studies which allow for compound analyses of causes and effects of cooperative sourcing. Dr. Daniel Beimborn promovierte bei Prof. Dr. Wolfgang König am Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik an der Universität Frankfurt am Main. Er ist als Wissenschaftlicher Assistent von Prof. Dr. Tim Weitzel an der Universität Bamberg tätig.
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Seit den späten 1960er Jahren haben Barney GLASER und Anselm STRAUSS, die Begründer der Methodologie der "Grounded Theory", eine Reihe von Versuchen unternommen, grundlegende Konzepte und Annahmen dieses Ansatzes zu explizieren und zu rekonzeptualisieren. Hieraus sind unterschiedliche und zum Teil einander widersprechende Konzeptionen hervorgegangen, die schließlich sogar einen Bruch zwischen GLASER und STRAUSS mit sich brachten. Wichtige Aspekte der Überarbeitung und Weiterentwicklung der "Grounded Theory" beziehen sich auf das Verhältnis zwischen empirischen Daten und theoretischen Konzepten und auf die Bedeutung theoretischen Vorwissens. Die Monographie, die die Popularität der methodologischen Ideen von GLASER und STRAUSS ursprünglich begründete, "The Discovery of Grounded Theory", enthält dabei zwei divergierende Konzepte des Empirie-Theorieverhältnisses: das Konzept des "Emergierens" theoretischer Konzepte einerseits und andererseits das Konzept der "theoretischen Sensibilität". Die späteren Entwicklungen der Grounded Theory lassen sich als Versuche verstehen diese ursprünglich konfligierenden Konzepte miteinander zu vereinbaren, wobei GLASER empfiehlt, bei der empirisch begründeten Theoriebildung auf eine große Zahl sog. "Kodierfamilien" zurückzugreifen, wohingegen STRAUSS die Verwendung einer allgemeinen Handlungstheorie als "Achse" der Konstruktion der entstehenden Theorie empfiehlt. Der Beitrag fasst zuerst die wichtigsten Entwicklungen der "Grounded Theory", die das Verhältnis zwischen Theorie und Daten betreffen, zusammen. Dabei werden die zentralen Unterschiede zwischen GLASERs und STRAUSS' Konzepten behandelt und ausführlich auf GLASERs Kritik eingegangen, wonach die von STRAUSS und CORBIN beschriebenen Begriffe des "Kodierparadigmas" und der "axialen Kodierung" dazu führen, dass den Daten theoretische Konzepte "aufgezwungen" werden, anstatt aus ihnen zu "emergieren". Es wird gezeigt, das GLASERs Kritik tatsächlich bestehende Schwächen des STRAUSS'schen und CORBIN'schen Ansatzes thematisiert, die hierin liegenden Risiken aber in ihrer Bedeutung weit überschätzt. Ein zentrales Argument dieses Beitrags lautet, dass grundlegende Probleme empirisch begründeter Theoriebildung wesentlich effektiver behandelt werden können, wenn man explizit Bezug nimmt auf zeitgenössische wissenschaftsphilosophische Debatten und auf dort entwickelte, heute allgemein akzeptierte Konzepte. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Kritik des Naiven Realismus und Empirismus, die Konzepte des hypothetischen und abduktiven Schließens und das Konzept des empirischen Gehalts bzw. der Falsifizierbarkeit von Aussagen.
Purpose – The analysis of the competitive impact of FinTechs requires the standardization of their categories to compare their products and services with the already delivered by incumbent banks. In this study, we address the problem of the multiplicity of FinTechs categories and provide a solution using content and cluster analysis.Theoretical framework – The literature about FinTechs. In our bibliographical research, we do not find works aiming to present a standard definition of categories of FinTechs. This type of work is almost nonexistent and categorization of FinTechs is defined as a "blurry issue".Design/methodology/approach – In this study, we address the problem of the multiplicity of FinTechs categories and provide a solution using content analysis, cluster analysis, and the software Gephi.Findings – The result is a model comprised of nine FinTechs categories: Payments and Transfers; Exchange; Lending; Insurance; Investments; Advice; B2B; Digital Banks; and Others. We also elaborate a portfolio with 157 products and services offered by Brazilian incumbent banks, which allows the comparison between these two types of companies.Originality/value – The main contribution is the use of objective criteria and existing literature, as well as Gephi software, to build categories of FinTechs analysis, an emerging theme in financial market studies.
Abstract Background The Tanzanian Government started scaling up its antiretroviral treatment (ART) program from referral, regional and district hospitals to primary health care facilities in October 2004. In 2010, most ART clinics were decentralized to primary health facilities. ART coverage, i.e. people living with HIV (PLHIV) on combination treatment as a proportion of those in need of treatment, provides the basis for evaluating the efficiency of ART programs at national and district level. We aimed to evaluate adult ART and pre-ART care coverage by age and sex at CD4 < 200, < 350 and all PLHIV in the Rufiji district of Tanzania from 2006 to 2010. Methods The numbers of people on ART and pre-ART care were obtained from routinely aggregated, patient-level, cohort data from care and treatment centers in the district. We used ALPHA model to predict the number in need of pre-ART care and ART by age and sex at CD4 < 200 and < 350. Results Adult ART coverage among PLHIV increased from 2.9% in 2006 to 17.6% in 2010. In 2010, coverage was 20% for women and 14.8% for men. ART coverage was 30.2% and 38.7% in 2010 with reference to CD4 criteria of 350 and 200 respectively. In 2010, ART coverage was 0 and 3.4% among young people aged 15–19 and 20–24 respectively. ART coverage among females aged 35–39 and 40–44 was 30.6 and 35% respectively in 2010. Adult pre-ART care coverage for PLHIV of CD4 < 350 increased from 5% in 2006 to 37.7% in 2010. The age-sex coverage patterns for pre-ART care were similar to ART coverage for both CD4 of 200 and 350 over the study period. Conclusions ART coverage in the Rufiji district is unevenly distributed and far from the universal coverage target of 80%, in particular among young men. The findings in 2010 are close to the most recent estimates of ART coverage in 2013. To strive for universal coverage, both the recruitment of new eligible individuals to pre-ART and ART and the successful retention of those already on ART in the program need to be prioritized.
BACKGROUND: The Tanzanian Government started scaling up its antiretroviral treatment (ART) program from referral, regional and district hospitals to primary health care facilities in October 2004. In 2010, most ART clinics were decentralized to primary health facilities. ART coverage, i.e. people living with HIV (PLHIV) on combination treatment as a proportion of those in need of treatment, provides the basis for evaluating the efficiency of ART programs at national and district level. We aimed to evaluate adult ART and pre-ART care coverage by age and sex at CD4 < 200, < 350 and all PLHIV in the Rufiji district of Tanzania from 2006 to 2010. METHODS: The numbers of people on ART and pre-ART care were obtained from routinely aggregated, patient-level, cohort data from care and treatment centers in the district. We used ALPHA model to predict the number in need of pre-ART care and ART by age and sex at CD4 < 200 and < 350. RESULTS: Adult ART coverage among PLHIV increased from 2.9% in 2006 to 17.6% in 2010. In 2010, coverage was 20% for women and 14.8% for men. ART coverage was 30.2% and 38.7% in 2010 with reference to CD4 criteria of 350 and 200 respectively. In 2010, ART coverage was 0 and 3.4% among young people aged 15-19 and 20-24 respectively. ART coverage among females aged 35-39 and 40-44 was 30.6 and 35% respectively in 2010. Adult pre-ART care coverage for PLHIV of CD4 < 350 increased from 5% in 2006 to 37.7% in 2010. The age-sex coverage patterns for pre-ART care were similar to ART coverage for both CD4 of 200 and 350 over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: ART coverage in the Rufiji district is unevenly distributed and far from the universal coverage target of 80%, in particular among young men. The findings in 2010 are close to the most recent estimates of ART coverage in 2013. To strive for universal coverage, both the recruitment of new eligible individuals to pre-ART and ART and the successful retention of those already on ART in the program need to be prioritized.
A procedure for the analysis of judgmental estimates when empirical information is unattainable is derived from sampling theory and a set of assumptions regarding the internal relationship between experience and the process of subjective estimation. The procedure uses a t-distribution concept to derive the relative experience of an expert and uses the derived experience as weight to obtain a weighted mean. The weighted mean is the best estimate given that it accounts for individual experience. Results from an empirical validation are presented. These results showed that the method was significantly more accurate than existing methods and the error m estimation was reduced by an average of one-half.
