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The author has spent a lot of time preparing cases against the Government of Iran and its controlled entities. This Article will draw upon that experience to discuss the enforcement of judgments rendered in international litigation. The focus is on two aspects of judgment enforcement: (1) the enforcement of judgments of United States or other courts against the Government of Iran and (2) the enforcement by Iran of judgments obtained against United States companies in the courts of Iran.

COVER -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 PREPARING FOR A CAREER IN LAW ENFORCEMENT -- WHAT IT TAKES -- GETTING THE JOB -- AT THE ACADEMY -- 2 CAREERS AT THE LOCAL AND STATE LEVELS -- JOINING A LOCAL POLICE DEPARTMENT -- PATROL OFFICER -- TRAFFIC OFFICER -- DETECTIVE -- SPECIALIZED ASSIGNMENTS AND UNITS -- THE SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT -- THE STATE POLICE -- STATE POLICE CAREERS -- 3 CAREERS AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL -- FBI SPECIAL AGENT -- CBP OFFICER AND BORDER PATROL AGENT -- U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOM ENFORCEMENT AGENTS -- U.S. SECRET SERVICE SPECIAL AGENT -- DEA SPECIAL AGENT -- DEPUTY U.S. MARSHAL -- U.S. POSTAL INSPECTOR -- IRS CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION SPECIAL AGENT -- ATF SPECIAL AGENT -- PARK RANGER AND U.S. PARK POLICE OFFICER -- U.S. CAPITOL POLICE -- 4 RELATED CAREERS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT -- SECURITY GUARD -- PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR -- CAMPUS POLICE DEPARTMENT OFFICER -- DISPATCHER -- FORENSIC TECHNICIAN AND FORENSIC SCIENTIST -- POLYGRAPH EXAMINERS -- 5 THE FUTURE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT -- TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES -- ISSUES IN POLICING -- COMMUNITY POLICING -- GLOSSARY -- FOR MORE INFORMATION -- WEB SITES -- FOR FURTHER READING -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- PHOTO CREDITS

Um die bessere Vergleichbarkeit von Abschlüssen nach internationalen Rechnungslegungsstandards über die Landesgrenzen hinweg zu gewährleisten, bedarf es auch einer einheitlichen Anwendung und Durchsetzung der Standards. Mit den Enforcement-Einrichtungen, die diese einheitliche Anwendung prüfen und durchsetzen, beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit. Der erste Fokuspunkt liegt dabei auf der konzeptionellen Begründung für die Notwendigkeit von Enforcementinstitutionen und auf deren Funktionen in Hinblick auf die Information und den Schutz des Kapitalmarktes. Weiterführend wird die rechtliche Entwicklung zum Thema Enforcement innerhalb Europas und die institutionelle Verankerung und Koordination auf EU-Ebene beschrieben. Das europäische System sieht nämlich vor, dass die eigentliche Durchsetzungstätigkeit durch die Mitgliedstaaten erfolgt, während die EU auf supranationaler Ebene hauptsächlich für die Schaffung allgemein koordinierender Rahmenbedingungen zuständig. Der dritte und größte Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der vergleichenden Beschreibung von verschiedenen nationalen Ausgestaltungsvarianten, deren Prüfungsmethoden, den Durchsetzungsmöglichkeiten und den empirischen Ergebnissen aus der Tätigkeit. Dazu werden die Institutionen der Länder Großbritannien, Frankreich und Deutschland dargestellt sowie auch einer kritischen Würdigung unterzogen. Der daraus entstehende, groß angelegte Vergleich soll die Gemeinsamkeiten, vor allem aber auch die Unterschiede dieser Varianten zeigen. Zusätzlich wird auf die Ergebnisse und auch auf deren Nutzung auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene eingegangen. Im dritten Teil wird dann auch noch die Situation des Enforcement in Österreich beschrieben, wo eine solche Einrichtung erst 2012 gesetzlich festgeschrieben und 2013 errichtet wurde, um zu zeigen, wie hierzulande das Enforcement in Zukunft aussehen wird und an welcher der drei zuvor beschriebenen Varianten sich der österreichische Gesetzgeber orientiert hat. ; To guarantee that there is a higher international comparability of financial reports prepared under international reporting standards the consistent application and enforcement of these standards is a necessary condition. This thesis emphasises on institutions which review this enforce the consistent application. At first, a conceptual justification of why such institutions are really necessary is given and furthermore it will be specified how they are contributing to a better information of investors on capital markets. Afterwards the legal development concerning Enforcement within the European Union will be shown. The European system of Enforcement delegates the task to each member state, which have to name or establish an institution that reviews certain financial information and tries to prevent, or if already existent identify and correct errors within those reports. The Union is just providing the basic conditions and offering coordinative mechanisms. The third and by far biggest part of this thesis is a comparative description of the three different national models of such institutions in Great Britain, France and Germany. It is shown how these institutions are working, how they review and which possible actions they are able to take to enforce their findings. Out of this descriptions results a table which in summary compares the most important criteria of national institutions and areas of where they are equal or differ from each other. It is also shown which empirical results the work of such institutions provides and how those results and gathered information are used on a national and international level. At last there is also a part which describes the situation in Austria, where an institution for Enforcement was recently legally consolidated in 2012 and established in 2013 to show how Enforcement will be done in Austria and on which of the above described model the Austrian standard setter relied most in his work. ; Gernot Gassmann ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2013 ; (VLID)234376

The non-enforcement of existing property laws is not logically separable from the issue of unfair and unjust state deprivations of property rights at which the Constitution's Takings Clause takes aim. This Article suggests, therefore, that takings law should police allocations resulting from non-enforcement decisions on the same "fairness and justice" grounds that it polices allocations resulting from decisions to enact and enforce new regulations. Rejecting the extant majority position that state decisions not to enforce existing property laws are categorically immune from takings liability is not to advocate that persons impacted by such decisions should be automatically or even regularly entitled to the Takings Clause's constitutional remedy. Rather, it simply suggests that courts should resist the temptation to formulaically and categorically prohibit non-enforcement takings claims in favor of assessing those claims on the merits.

Practical Drug Enforcement, Third Edition, is a guide to the contemporary aspects of covert criminal investigations and the management of the drug enforcement unit itself. It addresses methods of detection, investigation, surveillance, and capture of drug traffickers as well as identifying methods commonly used by criminals to avoid detection. Thoroughly updated and revised, this edition includes new topics such as the surreptitious monitoring of suspects and entrapment; drug courier profiling; high-tech surveillance with GPS and thermal imaging; raid procedures for clandestine labs; undercove