Suchergebnisse

This study aims to investigate the impact of supply-side factors on the export performance of Pakistan at a disaggregated level. It has identified major export categories of Pakistan and constructed a novel time-series data set of each of these categories from 1971 to 2014. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model (bound testing), the sectoral focus confirms that major export categories respond differently to changes in various factors of export supply in the long-run. For instance, the relative prices have a larger impact on the export performance of raw materials and value-added manufactured products. Similarly, the cost of production has higher effects on the growth of value-added manufactured and cotton waste exports. On the contrary, production capacity and domestic demand pressure have significantly influenced the export supply almost all manufactured and primary export categories in the long-run. In the short-run, the relative price, cost of production, and production capacity showed mixed effects for the export supply of many primary and manufactured export categories while domestic demand pressure hypothesis is valid in most cases. The study concludes that the factors determining the export supply are changing across the export categories. Hence, it is suggested that the government must revisit the export policy and make the new policy in line with new sectorial realities in order to expand the export sector of the country.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain the export behaviour (EB) developed by the Chilean service sector exporter firms using longitudinal data, to contribute to the scarce literature in this field in emerging markets.


Design/methodology/approach
Chilean service sector exporter firms are studied through a longitudinal analysis (2006 to 2015) comparing EB (continual/discontinual exporters) with respect to market diversification (MD). Considering a quantitative hypothesis test, based on a t-test, comparing these two groups of firms, using STATA software.


Findings
According to this research, scarce MD promotes a discontinual export development process in Chilean service sector exporter firms.


Practical implications
It is important to define public policies focussed on maintaining exportation over time and also to support these firms in diversifying their markets.


Originality/value
This paper shows a means of analysis, using longitudinal data, to compare large groups of firms, describing the causes of the discontinual export development process. At the same time, it enhances the literature on service sector exporters.

The paper attempts to evaluate the performance of export of Bangladesh's fisheries sector to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Simpson Index, RCA, RSCA, regression techniques etc. have been used to evaluate the performance. Fish export shows an increasing role in the economy in many respects. However, it lacks diversification and concentrates only in the category of shrimp. The country also has formidable comparative advantage. But she does not get her due price in the world market. Policy incentives can play a significant role to increase fish export. Bangladesh must introduce quality assurance system based on HACCP to comply with the SPS and TBT measures in order to boost her fish export.

The Federal Government levied an Export Development Surcharge (EDS) equivalent to 0.25% of the export value on all exports from 1st July, 1991 to establish an Export Development Fund. The basic purpose was to fund activities to address challenges faced by producers and exporters with emphasis on enhancing the performance of export sector. Export Development Fund (EDF) is administered by the Board of Administrators under the chairmanship of Minister for Commerce. EDF receives grant proposals from representative bodies of exporters e.g. trade associations, chambers as well as various Government departments. SDPI with support from PREIA organized a public private dialogue, with the aim to raise awareness and facilitate business community for effective utilization of EDF and to discuss constraints in its disbursement and utilization.

Global and regional trade integration offers Pakistan tremendous potential in driving and sustaining growth and poverty reduction. Despite this potential, trade has not been effectively leveraged to catalyse growth in Pakistan in recent years. Trends in relative trade and competitiveness have been worrying, with export earnings declining 20 percent over the period FY2011-2017 and market share contracting by 1.45 percent annually. Understanding the constraints on trade and competitiveness from the perspective of the private sector engaged in export activities is critical to developing and implementing effective trade policy. To support the Government of Pakistan in the preparation of its new Strategic Trade Policy Framework (2018-23), the World Bank Group conducted a series of private sector stakeholder consultations with current, past and potential Pakistani exporters in the manufacturing, agro processing, and services sectors. A total of 254 private sector representatives participated in four separate events organized in different provinces between September and November 2017. This note summarizes the main concerns expressed by the private sector during these consultations. The note's main objective is to contribute to a fruitful private-public dialogue which can ultimately lend inputs for trade policy. The role of the World Bank Group in this respect is to bring together the private sector and the public sector, so that the constraints that the former face are presented to the latter. As such, the challenges to be summarized here are those identified by the key firms present during the private sector engagement meetings, during the fourth quarter of 2017, and not by the World Bank Group.

Abstract
—
The Chilean fruit export sector has expanded rapidly over the past decade. A large army of female temporary workers is recruited annually to work in the fruit export sector, playing a key role in the preparation of high quality off‐season fruit for northern markets. Despite their annual employment in a modern export sector, these temporary workers remain a marginalised force in Chile, reflected in the significant underestimation of the female agricultural labour force. This paper examines the reasons for their marginalisation. the gender segmentation of the temporary fruit labour market, and considers the potential effect of increased international competition on the employment of female temporary labour.