Suchergebnisse

Historical notes and references for the Foreword and Introduction -- 1 Noncooperative games -- 1 Noncooperative games and their components -- 2 Optimality principles in noncooperative games -- 3 Realizability of A-optimality principles -- 4 Realizability of A-principles in metastrategies -- 5 Realizability of equilibrium situations in mixed strategies -- 6 Natural topology in games -- Notes and references for Chapter 1 -- 2 Finite noncooperative games -- 1 Finite noncooperative games -- 2 Dyadic games -- 3 Solution of general finite noncooperative games -- 4 On the structure of the set of equilibria in finite noncooperative games -- 5 The complexity of solution of finite noncooperative games -- 6 Reduction to three-person games -- Notes and references for Chapter 3 -- 3 Two-person zero-sum games -- 1 Optimality in two-person zero-sum games -- 2 Basis of the maximin principle -- 3 Minimax theorems -- 4 Finitely additive strategies -- 5 Analytic games on the unit square -- 6 Separable games -- 7 Convex games -- 8 Games with a simple payoff function -- 9 Games of timing -- Notes and references for Chapter 3 -- 4 Matrix games -- 1 Basic concepts and propositions -- 2 Solution of matrix games of small format -- 3 Matrix games and linear programming -- 4 Description of all equilibrium situations in matrix and bimatrix games -- 5 Solution of matrix games with matrix payoffs of a special form -- 6 Approximate methods for solving matrix games -- 7 Structure of the set of a matrix game -- Notes and references for Chapter 4 -- References -- Collections -- List of Joint Authors -- Index of Notations.

"This is the first book-length application of game theory to Canadian politics. It uses a series of case studies to illustrate fundamental concepts of game theory such as two-person and n-person games, the Nash equilibrium, zero-sum and variable-sum games, the paradox of voting, the Condorcet winner, the Condorcet extension, the Banzhaf power index, and spatial models of competition. No mathematics more complex than simple algebra is required to follow the exposition." "This book is intended to show what game theory can add to the philosophical, institutional, and behavioural approaches that have dominated previous works on Canadian politics."--Jacket

Game theory is useful in understanding collective human activity as the outcome of interactive decisions. In recent years it has become a more prominent aspect of research and applications in public policy disciplines such as economics, philosophy, management and political science, and in work within public policy itself. Here Roger McCain makes use of the analytical tools of game theory with the pragmatic purpose of identifying problems and exploring potential solutions in public policy. In practice, the influence of game theory on public policy and related disciplines has been less a consequence of broad theorems than of insightful examples. Accordingly, the author offers a critical review of major topics from both cooperative and noncooperative game theory, including less-known ideas in noncooperative game theory and constructive proposals for new approaches. In so doing, he provides a toolkit for the analysis of public policy as well as a clearer understanding of the public policy enterprise itself. The author' s unique approach and treatment of game theory will be a useful resource for students and scholars of economics and public policy, as well as for policymakers themselves. --

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES -- PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Chapter One. Overview -- Chapter Two. Utility Theory -- Chapter Three. Specifying a Game -- Chapter Four. Classical Game Theory -- Chapter Five. Solving Extensive-Form Games: Backwards Induction and Subgame Perfection -- Chapter Six. Beliefs and Perfect Bayesian Equilibria -- Chapter Seven. More on Noncooperative Equilibrium: Perfect and Sequential Equilibria -- Chapter Eight. Games of Limited Information and Restrictions on Beliefs -- Chapter Nine. Repeated Games -- Chapter Ten. Conclusion: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Appendix One: Basic Mathematical Knowledge -- Appendix Two: Answers to Selected Problems -- NOTES -- GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN GAME THEORY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate how game theoretic solution concepts inform what classes of problems will be amenable to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), and how to evolve the interaction between human and artificial intelligence.Design/methodology/approachThe approach addresses the development of operational gaming to support planning and decision making. It then provides a succinct summary of game theory for those designing and using games, with an emphasis on information conditions and solution concepts. It addresses how experimentation demonstrates where human decisions differ from game theoretic solution concepts and how games have been used to develop AI/ML. It concludes by suggesting what classes of problems will be amenable to AI/ML, and which will not. It goes on to propose a method for evolving human/artificial intelligence.FindingsGame theoretic solution concepts inform classes of problems where AI/ML 'solutions' will be suspect. The complexity of the subject requires a campaign of learning.Originality/valueThough games have been essential to the development of AI/ML, practitioners have yet to employ game theory to understand its limitations.

This collection of papers is an outgrowth of the `Game Practice I' conference. The overall content of this book is firmly rooted in existing game theory. Much experimental and observational evidence demonstrates that there is a large gap between theory and `practice'. There is no doubt that theory is nonetheless needed, and that it has to be developed. At the same time there is a risk of sterile developments if theory is not fed by challenges coming from confronting the real world. In this respect, the editors' feelings are that there is now a need for a better balance between theory and applications. The kind of considerations sketched above gave birth to the idea of organizing a series of meetings to stimulate research in game theory which seeks a more direct connection with real world problems. Most of the contributions can be roughly classified into four groups: political applications, problems of cost/reward sharing, economic applications, and experiments. The collection is relevant to academics working in game theory and related topics such as management, decision theory and industrial organization