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Development communication, particularly within the health sector, is relatively new and still shrouded in mystique. Many health planners and policy-makers in developing countries and elsewhere do not yet fully appreciate the role communication plays in primary health care interventions. Nevertheless, communication theory, embracing diffusion of innovations and social marketing, can make a significant contribution in improving health status. This paper explores, through an examination of the literature and the experience of a worldwide research and development project, the synthesis of development communication, diffusion, social marketing, and primary health care. It attempts to demonstrate the value of integrating these paradigms within the context of a public health communication model. Focusing on the use of radio and interpersonal communication, the paper describes model projects in India and Honduras and reveals through their example the role of communication in changing health behavior in Third World settings.

Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in the use of financial incentives by private employers and public programs to encourage healthy behaviors, wellness activities, and use of preventive services. The research evidence regarding the effectiveness of this approach is reviewed, summarizing relevant findings from literature reviews and from recent evaluations. The article concludes that financial incentives, even relatively small incentives, can influence individuals' health-related behaviors. However, the findings regarding health promotion and wellness are based primarily on analyses of a limited number of private sector initiatives, whereas the evidence regarding preventive services is based on evaluations of initiatives sponsored predominantly by public programs and directed at low-income populations. In either case, there are several important limitations in the ability of the published findings to provide clear guidance for public program administrators or private purchasers seeking to design and implement effective incentive programs.

Abstract eHealth systems for behavior change need to cope with a wide variety of privacy requirements specified by governmental and other regulations. We conducted a systematic review of scientific articles. Analysis of the articles revealed General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant eHealth technologies, challenges posed by GDPR as well as early solutions for them. In addition, we highlight key GDPR issues to be considered when designing persuasive technologies.

The paper presents the study of young consumer`s perception and attitudes regarding healthy lifestyle, particularly consumption of fitness services in Georgia. The study relies on the different scientific publications on social marketing, consumer`s behavior and marketing promotions. The research underlines, that the effective social marketing campaigns should be based on the triangle of interventions: education, marketing, and law. Research revealed the strong relationship between youth`s physical activity, health and education through the use of social marketing approach. Lack of knowledge about the significance of physical education at Georgian public schools and universities makes barriers for popularization of fitness service among younger audiences. There is a need to change behavior of the youth, to identify the different needs and preferences, which should be linked directly with creation of customer oriented affords. The survey emphasizes the significant role of integrated marketing communications for increasing demand of young people on the health products. The research notes, that social media could be a driving force for the long-term customer retention, financial performance and business continuity in this field. Collaborative working between civil society, government, private sector and media will increase motivation of youth to engaging in health behavior change.

Abstract. Does a sound mind require a sound body? Whether or not lay people subscribe to this notion depends on their belief in mind-body dualism and critically shapes their health-related behaviors. Six studies (N = 1,710) revisit the relation between dualism and health. We replicate the negative correlation between belief in dualism and health behavior (Study 1) and extend it to behavior in the field (Study 2). Studies 3a and 3b investigate how belief in dualism shapes intuitions about the material origin of psychological well-being, while Studies 4a and 4b examine how these intuitions determine health-related outcomes. In sum, construing minds as different from bodies entails the intuition that mental well-being has little material substrate which in turn attenuates health-sustaining behaviors.

"Gegenwärtig wird oft hervorgehoben, wie wichtig Gesundheitsverhalten und Eigenverantwortung sind. Eine Verbesserung des Gesundheitsverhaltens in den unteren Statusgruppen würde ohne Frage zu einer erheblichen Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit führen. Das Gesundheitsverhalten lässt sich mit Appellen an die Verantwortung für die eigene Gesundheit häufig jedoch kaum beeinflussen. Das Gesundheitsverhalten basiert zudem oft nicht nur auf freien Entscheidungen, sondern es wird maßgeblich geprägt durch die Lebensumstände. Ohne Berücksichtigung dieser komplexen Ursachen des Gesundheitsverhaltens besteht somit die Gefahr, dass dem 'Opfer die Schuld zugeschoben wird' (blaming the victim). Um die Ursachen von Krankheit (und damit auch die Ansätze von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention) verstehen zu können, ist die Unterscheidung zwischen 'Verhalten' und 'Verhältnisse' nach wie vor hilfreich. In der jetzigen Diskussion erscheint es vor allem wichtig, (wieder) an die Wichtigkeit der 'Verhältnisse' zu erinnern. Hierfür sind m. E. zwei Problembereiche besonders gut geeignet. Der erste trägt die Überschrift 'Environmental Justice'; hier steht die soziale Ungleichheit bei Lärm, Luftverschmutzung etc. im Mittelpunkt. Der zweite Problembereich lässt sich mit 'Soziale Ungleichheit in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung' umschreiben. Inzwischen mehren sich auch in Deutschland die empirischen Belege dafür, dass Probleme der gesundheitlichen Versorgung vor allem bei den unteren Statusgruppen vorhanden sind. Da diese Gruppen zumeist eine erhöhte Mortalität und Morbidität aufweisen, ist bei ihnen auch der Bedarf an Gesundheitsversorgung besonders groß. Das Angebot an gesundheitlicher Versorgung mag vorhanden sein, aber offenbar entspricht die Inanspruchnahme nicht immer diesem erhöhten Bedarf. Etwas präziser formuliert lautet die Frage demnach, ob diese 'Unter-Inanspruchnahme' vor allem der Eigenverantwortung des Versicherten oder aber der Verantwortung des Gesundheitssystems zuzuordnen ist. Wie die gegenwärtige Gesundheitsreform-Diskussion zeigt, wird zurzeit versucht, die Verantwortung des Gesundheitssystems immer stärker zu verdrängen." (Autorenreferat)

Research shows that heterosexual spouses are concordant on a variety of health and health behavior outcomes. Yet, little is known about patterns of concordance between spouses in same-sex marriages, or whether concordance patterns differ for spouses in same- and different-sex marriages. Using descriptive techniques, we analyze survey data from both spouses in 121 gay, 168 lesbian, and 122 heterosexual married couples to examine health and health behavior concordance. We find that gay and lesbian couples are more concordant than heterosexual couples on several health and health behavior outcomes. Differences in concordance between gay and lesbian couples are also found. Findings suggest that the pathways through which concordance occurs may differ in important ways for same-sex and different-sex unions.

Background: Diet and physical activity are important factors in the prevention of childhood overweight. This article stresses the importance of effective communication for health behavior. Methods: Transcription, description and analysis of standardized focus group discussions (FGD) in seven European countries using standardized questioning routes. Results: Parents are well informed about health-related topics for children, but seem to have difficulties understanding their role in promoting healthy behavior. They mentioned health-related rules, but our results show limited communication between parents and children, and no follow-up of rules. Consequently, children do not understand rules about good health and do not follow them. Conclusion: Effective and sustainable intervention programs should focus on educational methods and, using parental role modeling, facilitate parents' comprehension of their key role in setting rules and controlling them in order to communicate good health behavior to their children.

This brief is about the health differences between veteran men, active duty men, National Guard/Reserve men, and civilian men. In policy and practice, organizations besides the VA should expand their preventative health services and health education for veterans, and policymakers should push health and healthcare access initiatives for veterans and service members. Suggestions for future research include collecting data over time, accounting for deployment and combat experience, and adding more thorough measures of health conditions within both veterans and civilians.