Suchergebnisse

This article investigates the impacts on, and responses of, third world bureaucracies (more specifically those operating in the poorer parts of the third world), in the context of the changing demands of development management. These include efforts at debureaucratization, by calling for a radically different kind of civil service; at localization and training; at circumvention, through relying on semi‐autonomous public enterprises; at re‐orientation, by altering civil servants' attitudes and incentives; at decentralization; and at privatization and pressure. For these governments, this last mentioned approach proved more demanding and demoralizing than any of the previous notions they had confronted. Today, under the rubric of governance, there appears to be some acknowledgement that the anti‐state emphasis of the structural adjustment era may have gone too far, and the call is for the more effective bureaucracies to be accountable. The danger in many poor countries, however, is that the real and relative salaries, the morale and ethics of the bureaucracy, and public trust in the bureaucracy, have all plummeted so far, that it may be too late to turn these trends around. The daunting challenge today is how to break out of this 'box' of bureaucratic decline, the four corners of which are formed and connected by lack of resources, incentives, public service and legitimacy.

Introduction: global perspectives on squatting / Freia Anders and Alexander Sedlmaier -- Crossing hemispheres : beyond historiographical divides -- Squatting, North, South and turnabout : a dialogue comparing illegal housing research / Thomas Aguilera and Alan Smart -- Squatting in the US : what historians can learn from developing countries / Jason Jindrich -- Squatting and encroachment in British colonial history / Robert Home -- Emerging economies : between both worlds -- Squatting and urban modernity in Turkey / Ellinor Morack -- Beyond insurgency and dystopia : the role of informality in Brazil's twentieth-century urban formation / Brodwyn Fischer -- "Right to the city" : squatting, squatters and urban change in Franco's Spain / Inbal Ofer -- Unlicensed housing as resistance to elite projects : squatting in Seoul in the 1960s and 1970s / Erik Mobrand -- Living on the edge : the ambiguities of squatting and urban development in Bucharest / Ioana Florea and Mihail Dumitriu -- Informal settlements in Bangkok : origins, features, growth and prospects / Yap Kioe Sheng with Kittima Leeruttanawisut -- Highly industrialised countries : insecure tenure under conditions of affluence -- "The most fun I've ever had" : squatting in England in the 1970s / John Davis -- Squatting in the Netherlands : the social and political institutionalization of a movement / Hans Pruijt -- Squatting and gentrification in East Germany since 1989/90 / Andrej Holm and Armin Kuhn -- Contributors -- Index

Book describing the causes of the Spanish American War, the incident with the Battleship Maine, African Americans in the Navy, African Americans on San Juan Hill, Roosevelt, McKinley, Buffalo Soldiers, African American officers and regiments. General themes include civil rights and prejudice.

This paper traces the development of pooling of interests accounting for business combinations from 1945 to 1991. The history of the pooling concept is reviewed chronologically with particular emphasis on the events of 1969–1970 that were related to the most recent pronouncement on the subject, Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 16. Early in its life (1974), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) placed a project on its agenda to reconsider pooling of interests accounting. That project was removed from the FASB's agenda in 1981. APB Opinion No. 16 has gone essentially unchanged as it relates to the accounting for a business combination as a pooling of interests. Resolution of implementation issues has been left largely to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the accounting profession. The FASB has a project on its agenda on Consolidations and Related Matters that may impact pooling of interests accounting. There also is some pressure for the FASB to revisit accounting for business combinations.

This article is devoted to the analysis of characteristics of national interests' institutionalization in the North American tradition, namely the evolution of their legal consolidation and the practice of implementation in modern conditions