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Confirmation of Wuhan scientists as "patients zero" makes the lab leak theory look likely—and the misinformation police look like fools.

Im US-Wahlkampf halfen Hacker-Angriffer auf die Demokratische Partei und darauffolgende Leaks Außenseiter Donald Trump ins Weiße Haus, ein angebliches "Macron-Leak" kurz vor der Stichwahl verpuffte dagegen in Frankreich wirkungslos. Deutschlands Medien würden bei ähnlichen Vorgängen verantwortlich handeln, sagt SZ-Journalist Bastian Obermayer.

This paper looks at leaks from the perspective of political journalists, in particular, those working in the parliamentary round. This work draws on interviews with journalists in 25 of the 33 mainstream bureaus in the Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery (FFPG). It is based on a view that parliamentary democracy andthe parliamentary journalism round share a co-genesis – that mature representative democracies and principles of press freedoms are twin outcomes of the same gestation that binds parliamentary reporters and parliamentarians in a never-ending contest over information. Further, it is argued the health of this interdependent relationship can be seen as a bellwether for the key tradition of transparency in Westminster-derived democracies. In 2005, one of the longest-serving members of the FPPG, Michelle Grattan described it this way: "It is an old message that media and politicians are both natural adversaries and in a parasitic relationship. Their interests are often at odds. Sometimes they are openly at war, constantly they are engaged in a struggle of wits. What's interesting is how this traditional conflict and cooperation plays out in new circumstances." (Grattan, 2005 p.2) The topic of leaks highlights an important aspect of the contemporary state of play in this many- faceted struggle.

In Okun's (1975) extended essay "Equality and Efficiency — The Big Trade‐Off", reference is made to the leaky bucket experiment in the context of tax and transfer programmes. Money is carried from the rich to the poor in a bucket which leaks. This idea gives eloquent expression to the concept of efficiency loss in the use of the fiscal system to reduce inequality.

Trabajo presentado a la 3rd Conference on Control and Fault Tolerant Systems, celebrada en Barcelona (España) del 7 al 9 de septiembre de 2016. ; The leak localisation methodologies based on data and models are affected by both uncertainties in the model and in the measurements. This uncertainty should be quantified so that its effect on the localisation methods performance can be estimated. In this paper, a model-based leak localisation methodology is applied to a real District Metered Area using synthetic data. In the generation process of the data, uncertainty in demands is taken into account. This uncertainty was estimated so that it can justify the uncertainty observed in the real measurements. The leak localisation methodology consists, first, in generating the set of possible measurements, obtained by Monte Carlo Simulation under a certain leak assumption and considering uncertainty, and second, in falsifying sets of nodes using the correlation with a leak residual model in order to signal a set of possible leaky nodes. The assessment is done by means of generating the confusion matrix with a Monte Carlo approach. ; This work was partially supported by Spanish Government (MINISTERIO ECNONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD) and FEDER under projects DPI2014-58104-R (HARCRICS), DPI-2013-48243-C2-1-R (ECOCIS), the grant IJCI-2014-2081, the Polytechnic University of Catalunya (UPC), EFFINET grant FP7-ICT-2012-318556 of the European Commission and by the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) through the grant 2014PDJ00102. ; Peer Reviewed

Secrets and Leaks examines the complex relationships among executive power, national security, and secrecy. State secrecy is vital for national security, but it can also be used to conceal wrongdoing. How then can we ensure that this power is used responsibly? Typically, the onus is put on lawmakers and judges, who are expected to oversee the executive. Yet because these actors lack access to the relevant information and the ability to determine the harm likely to be caused by its disclosure, they often defer to the executive's claims about the need for secrecy. As a result, potential abuses are more often exposed by unauthorized disclosures published in the press. But should such disclosures, which violate the law, be condoned? Drawing on several cases, Rahul Sagar argues that though whistleblowing can be morally justified, the fear of retaliation usually prompts officials to act anonymously--that is, to "leak" information. As a result, it becomes difficult for the public to discern when an unauthorized disclosure is intended to further partisan interests. Because such disclosures are the only credible means of checking the executive, Sagar writes, they must be tolerated, and, at times, even celebrated. However, the public should treat such disclosures skeptically and subject irresponsible journalism to concerted criticism.

Leaks are pervasive in politics. Hence, many committees that nominally operate under secrecy de facto operate under the threat that information might be passed on to outsiders. We study theoretically and experimentally how this possibility affects the behavior of committee members and the decision-making accuracy. Our theoretical analysis generates two major predictions. First, a committee operating under the threat of leaks is equivalent to a formally transparent committee in terms of the probabilities of project implementation as well as welfare (despite differences in individual voting behavior). Second, the threat of leaks causes a committee to recommend rejection of a project whenever precise information has been shared among committee members. As a consequence, a status-quo bias arises. Our laboratory results confirm these predictions despite subjects communicating less strategically than predicted.

This paper presents a method for leak localization in water distribution networks (WDNs) based on Bayesian classifiers. Probability density functions for pressure residuals are calibrated off-line for all the possible leak scenarios by using a hydraulic simulator, and considering the leak size uncertainty, demand uncertainty and sensor noise. A Bayesian classifier is applied on-line to the computed residuals to determine the location of leaks in the WDN. A time horizon based reasoning combined with the Bayesian classifier is also proposed to improve the localization accuracy. Two case studies based on the Hanoi and the Nova Icària networks are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. Simulation results are presented for the Hanoi case study, whereas results for a real leak scenario are shown for the Nova Icària case study. ; This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MEINCOP) of the Spanish Government and FEDER through the projects ECOCIS (ref. DPI2013-48243-C2-1-R) and HARCRICS (ref. DPI2014-58104-R) and through the grant IJCI-2014-20801, by the European Commission through contract EFFINET (ref. FP7-ICT2011-8-318556) and by the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR), the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Secretary of University and Research of the Department of Companies and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia through the grant FI-DGR 2015 (ref. 2015 FI_B 00591). ; Peer Reviewed

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Fügeprozess mittels sensitiver Robotik vorgestellt, bei dem gleichzeitig eine Inprozess-Dichtheitsprüfung durch Methoden des maschinellen Lernens erfolgt. Dabei werden komplexe Wirkzusammenhänge in den Daten extrahiert und Informationen über die Qualität eines zu montierenden Produkts gewonnen. Durch die Kombination eines Füge- und Prüfprozesses wird die Wertschöpfung einzelner Prozesse gesteigert, wodurch eine zeitaufwendige End-of-Line-Prüfung entfallen kann.
 
In this paper, a joining process using sensitive robotics is introduced, in which an in-process leak test is performed at the same time using machine learning methods. Complex interactions in the data are extracted and information about the quality of a product to be assembled is obtained. By combining a joining and testing process, the added value of individual processes is increased, which eliminates the need for time-consuming end-of-line testing.