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This paper examines the notion of integration in the five main migrant receiving countries of the European Community, namely, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. I argue that the term 'integration' is used in these countries primarily as a political concept of convenience to manage migrant relations. The result has been the diverse application of the term from one country to another. This is illustrated at the economic level by different degrees of economic integration, different strategies to develop social cohesion and politically through different arrangements for consultation and political participation.
The paper then argues that integration also involves a longer term and universal process of adaptation. It is suggested that nation states might more usefully build their integration policies around the latter processes and identifies a number of minimum conditions for integration.

This article proposes to carry out a first exploratory survey of the local policies of recreation and social sports in the city of Córdoba in the period 1980-2020. This work is part of the research project "Public policies for recreation in the province of Córdoba" that we carry out from the Faculty of Physical Education of the Provincial University of Córdoba, Argentina. Through the investigation and analysis of management reports, regulations, websites, institutional documentation, and some first exploratory interviews with members of technical teams and program managers, we can observe that despite management changes in the municipal government and in the province, it is possible to identify a continuity in recreation and social sports policies, as well as the sustained link with social institutions, mainly neighborhood centers, in their implementation. Other aspects that deserve our attention and analysis refer to the decentralization of these policies, the construction of infrastructure to carry out sports and recreational activities, and the participation of various actors in their management and development. In this article we will also refer to the institutional structure from which these policies were carried out in the city of Córdoba, the organizations that constitute them and the management models that have been designed and implemented for this purpose. ; El presente artículo se propone realizar un primer rastreo exploratorio de las políticas locales de recreación y deporte social en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en el período 1980-2020. Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación "Políticas públicas de recreación en la provincia de Córdoba"2 que llevamos adelante desde la Facultad de Educación Física de la Universidad Provincial de Córdoba, República Argentina. A través de la indagación y análisis de informes de gestión, normativas, sitios web, documentación institucional, y unas primeras entrevistas exploratorias a miembros de equipos técnicos y responsables de programas, podemos ...

The utopian dream of a global world is not new. It can be traced back in the 15th century navigators and 19th century colonial times and post world war peace pleas but also even earlier in ancient myths and religion narratives on the morals of living on earth. In our times, processes of globalisation are hastened by increased techno-culture, free-capitalist economy, migration, environmental calamity and war. During the last decades a global world imagery has taken momentum in how the lives of children, youth, families and educators could be reconfigured through the launching of 'global citizenship education' as strategic areas for curricular organisation by institutional bodies such as UNESCO or OECD. Explicit goals for an increased globalised, internationalised, cosmopolitan and urban worldview across nation-states, provinces and indigenous communities can be substantiated (for some) in the context of mathematics education practices. Based on the (false) epistemological assumption that mathematics remains a neutral and universal language, mathematics education becomes easily figured as the space for crafting a citizenship subjectivity for globality. In this context, one needs to problematize what is at stake when mathematics education curricula become (or not) framed within discourses of global citizenship education? How the 'future' of mathematics education can be reconfigured when the rhetoric of global citizenship education meets diverse localities? And moreover, what are the effects of such political imageries in diverse localities for children, teachers and materials, as well as for markets, economy and policies?The purpose of the symposium is twofold. It is, first, to discuss how such utopian dreams of global, transnational and cosmopolitan citizenship become entangled or disentangled with/in discourses of mathematics education in diverse localities and diverse cultures, nations, languages and bodies including a variety of practices and communities. Presenters and participants will bring forward projects that unfold certain historiographies that map the effects of discourses of global citizenship in mathematics education by attempting to reinstate its colonial, de-colonial and post-colonial politics. This might imply an encounter of ideological critique of such curricular endeavours, of problematizing processes of globalisation in specific localities, or discussing its potential affirmative politics for reclaiming what mathematics education might regenerate out of this conflictual discursive materiality. And, second, the symposium will try to create and perform an offhand presentation that can engage the conference participants based on visual materials and narratives brought by presenters and participants in either digital or physical forms. These can be fragments of varied media,artefacts, or, even art-based performances that will denote or interrogate the hybrid presence of 'global' citizenship education discourses in 'local' (and vice versa) mathematics education practices such as curriculum activities, exam-, guidelines but also contemporary artefacts, as well as cultural representations in well known movies, literature, poetry, games etc. The aim of such an endeavour will be to problematise the meanings and effects of discourses on 'global' or 'local' mathematics education policies, practices or hybrids and explore their effects not only for the formal -the written norms- but also for the hidden school curriculum -the unwritten norms- or even the informal leisure practices beyond the walls of schooling.

This paper documents and analyzes interactions between environmental and natural resource (ENR) management research and local goverance. It draws from the experiences of the Philippine-based Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program (SANREM CRSP) to address the following questions: How do research projects influence ENR policy and design? What are the institutional arrangements necessary to sustain interactions between research and governance? The authors offer important methodological insights as well as lessons for practical efforts to link research and policy. These include(1)the conduct of participatory and collaborative research,(2)emphasis to process-related activities,(3)institutional innovations at the community level,(4)developing a plan for the dissemination and utilization of research results, and(5)sensitivity of the research project's design to the political context of the host country.

In diesem Band sind Working Papers, Referate und andere Texte aus dem Magdeburger Teil des europäischen Projektes "Neue Lokale Politik gegen soziale Ausgrenzung in Europäischen Städten" zusammengestellt. Die Texte des Bandes stellen verschiedene Stationen des dreijährigen Prozesses dar und sind daher nicht als Endergebnis oder finale Aussagenzu betrachten. Gerade, weil eine Aktionsforschung mit diversen Partnern nie linear verlaufen kann, sondern von der Eigendynamik des Geschehens getragen wird, kommt es darauf an, auch den Prozeß mit seinen Ungereimtheiten transparent zu machen. Dieses macht möglicherweise Mut und liefert nützliche Erkenntnisse für die Wissenschaftler und Praktiker, die sich mit ähnlichen Herausforderungen der sozialen Arbeit, der Stadtteilarbeit, dem Bürgerengagement oder der Stadtplanung auseinandersetzen.

According to the United Nations, the current COVID-19 crisis is threatening decades of development gains. This situation is aggravated in disadvantaged urban areas where 25% of the world's population lives. Such concentration has aggravated the multidimensional problem that requires an integrated policy approach. Internationally, this approach has materialized in the formulation of global policies such as the 2030 Agenda. However, many doubts remain about the extent to which global policy such as the 2030 Agenda is able to inspire the formulation of local policies from the multidimensional perspective proposed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To answer this question, in this contribution we rely on a comparative case study of two public policies aimed at promoting the social inclusion of the most vulnerable groups in the urban context: the "Andalusian Regional Strategy for Social Cohesion and Inclusion. Intervention in disadvantaged areas" (ERACIS) and the "Barcelona Strategy for Inclusion and Reduction of Social Inequalities 2017–2027". The results show how the government sphere, the logic of intervention, and other aspects of policy design influence the incorporation of the principles of the 2030 Agenda in local policies, highlighting both risks and potentials of such policy transfer, crucial to the effective achievement of the SDGs.

Context: VET has been specially considered suitable for youngsters who have lived some kind of educational exclusion process and part of the modern VET systems were developed in response to social needs by political or citizenship movements. Spanish education System had got an early school leaving rates higher than European average so it´s a critical issue in terms of educational policy in which a different set of educational, social and political actors are involved. Approach: Based on case study, we focus on quantitative description of the City Council´s Socio-occupational Centres Network (CSL Network) as part of those local programs address to achieve educational and social inclusion, which emerged in response to social needs by synergetic interaction between Local Administration and the commitment of organized citizens. Findings: CSL Network focused on young people who dropped out from schools and set up training alternatives for them, increasing -over time- the pre-existing official training system. On average, every year, 500 students follow different courses offered by CSL Network. Those students belonging to the most socially disadvantaged sectors are overrepresented. Conclusions: Situated in the border between the education system and the non-regulated training system, CSL Network offers a significant way to increase the reception capacity of the Spanish education system and students increase their possibilities to access to job.

In the article we discuss importance of the real estate related instruments, used by local government to attract investment and stimulate local economic development. The article discusses economic literature related to public economics at local government level, with the special emphasis put on link between urban and real estate economics and development. In the empirical part of the paper we analyze results of survey conducted at a local government level in Poland (Malopolska). There are two major research objectives: (1) to identify the scope of the real estate economic instruments used by the communes as part of their development policies' strategies; (2) to examine the coexistence of certain types of instruments as part of the commune development strategies. To find relevant answers both multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis are applied. Additionally, we discuss whether there are evidence of mimicking behavior in local development policies.

A growing number of studies have recently postulated a so-called local turn in the study of immigrant and refugee integration policy. A fundamental, yet untested, assumption of this body of research is that local (sub-national) policies and administrations shape how migrants and refugees integrate into society. We develop and apply an analytical model using multilevel modeling techniques based on large-N, longitudinal survey data ( N > 9000) with refugees (2012–2018) in a highly decentralized country (Germany) to estimate the scope for local policy effects net of individual-level and state- and district-level characteristics. We show that region and district-level variation in integration outcomes across multiple dimensions (employment, education, language, housing, social) is limited (∼5%) within 4–8 years after immigration. We find modest variation in policy indicators (∼10%), which do not appear to directly translate into outcomes. We discuss implications for the study of local policies and the potential for greater convergence between administrative and political science, interested in governance structures and policy variation, and sociology and economics, interested primarily in integration outcomes.

Diese Arbeit untersucht theoretisch und empirisch, wie Institutionen in Medien- und Bildungsmärkten Verhaltensanreize für Wirtschaftssubjekte gestalten, und wie sich diese Anreize auf politische Entscheidungen auswirken. Es wird gezeigt, dass an niederländischen Schulen ein hoher Anteil von Schülern aus sozial benachteiligten Schichten mit niedrigeren Notenstandards einhergeht und dass Schulwettbewerb auf lokalen Bildungsmärkten positive Effekte auf die schulischen Leistungen zeitigt. Die Analyse von Medienmärkten liefert zunächst mit Hilfe von Daten zur räumlichen Verbreitung US-amerikanischer Fernsehsender Belege dafür, dass Politiker Anreizen unterliegen, öffentliche Gelder vermehrt an informierte Wähler zu vergeben. Danach wird dargelegt, dass auf ähnliche Weise in Norwegen einem steigenden Zeitungsleseranteil in der Wählerschaft ein Effizienz steigernder Effekt auf die kommunale Mittelverwendung innewohnt und damit zu bürgernäheren politischen Prozessen führt. ; At the core of this book are theoretical and empirical analyses of how local policies are shaped by the incentives that various institutions in education and media markets create for economic agents. Evidence is provided that Dutch schools harboring large shares of disadvantaged students apply lower grading standards and that there is a positive link between intensity of competition among schools in local education markets and academic achievement. When it comes to media markets, data on the location of television stations in the United States is employed in showing that there are incentives for politicians to gear public spending towards informed voters. In a similar vein, increasing levels of newspaper readership are shown to exhibit an efficiency enhancing effect on Norwegian local governments and thus elicit better politics.

local policies in relation to Roma Face to Roma, local policies seem to be caught in an absurd cycle of evacuations from settlements, the costs of which are considerable in economic and human terms, for very limited benefits. Local experiences, often based on citizens' initiatives, suggest alternatives to these destructive and sterile cycles. ; politiques locales face aux Roms Face aux Roms, les politiques locales semblent prises dans un cycle absurde d'évacuations des campements, dont les coûts sont considérables aux plans économique et humain, pour des bénéfices bien maigres. Des expériences conduites à l'échelle locale, souvent à partir d'initiatives citoyennes, suggèrent l'existence d'alternatives à ces cycles destructeurs et stériles.

Cross level and cross sectorial policy articulations are a key issue for trans-sectorial processes such as environment and development (including climate change and food security). This communication explores the different issues regarding articulation in policy process. Relying on examples fr om climate change, agricultural, and food security policies that may foster adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture practices in Latin America, we analyze the different forms of cross level articulation during the policy definition and implementation process, identify the main bottlenecks for better coordination process among levels, and discuss application of methods and tools to tackle those bottlenecks. We finally argue that understanding the bottlenecks and tackling national and local policy articulation interface is crucial to create more effective policies to foster Climate Smart Agriculture adoption. (Texte intégral)