Suchergebnisse

The article considers the factors influencing the efficiency of management decisions made by local government bodies in the modern conditions of public administration reform and the development of local self-government in Ukraine. The author outlines the features of this problem, the main features of state-management decisions, the essence of the concepts "effect", "efficiency of management decisions", the main approaches to the study of the problem of decision-making are highlighted. The main attention is paid to the direction of research, which takes into account the human factor. The main ideas of the representative of this direction - the Nobel laureate D. Kahneman, presented in the book "Noise", are considered. This work raises the issue of system errors among those who make decisions. The views of the domestic scientist O. Maltsev on the designated problem and the provisions of D. Kahneman's book are presented. The results of the analysis by scientists of the influence of the human factor and psychological characteristics of management decision-making on the efficiency of decisions are reflected. The conclusions of scientists regarding the need to take into account the qualities of a decision- making person and his professional training are summarized. The main characteristics of the personality that influence decision-making are given from the domestic scientific literature on public administration problems. In accordance with these ideas, the requirements for the positions of civil servants, local self-government bodies, as well as the modern practice of training specialists and managers in this field are considered. It is concluded that the primary importance for making effective decisions by local government bodies is the use by specialists and managers of modern technologies for developing and making management decisions, the development of their personal qualities for making management decisions in the process of training and obtaining specialized management education in universities.

The article explores the organizational forms of activity of local governments in the lands that were part of the GDR during their stay in the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany. During their stay in the GDR, local government bodies were part of the Socialist Unified Party of Germany and did not have self-government powers. Therefore, at least at this stage, there can be no talk of any 5th organizational form of local self-government. Local authorities were subordinate to the goals of planning and managing the regime of the Socialist Unified Party of Germany. The socialist united party of Germany secured its hegemony for power at the local level.Citizens were guaranteed the right to local self-government by the Law "On SelfGovernment of Communities and Areas in the German Democratic Republic" of May 17, 1990. In addition to issues of self-government, communities were required to carry out state-delegated authorities.The modern reform of local government in Germany is analyzed. So, in general, district reforms have led to a significant reduction in counties in the new federal states. The reform of local government has not yet been completed in all federal states, so the consequences of the reform in Thuringia are still expected.It is argued that, in reality, this fifth organizational form of local self-government does not exist in the Federal Republic of Germany, because the Federal Lands that used to be part of the Soviet occupation zone, as a result of territorial and functional reforms, adopted the experience of the types of organizational forms of activity of local self-government bodies existing in the Federal Republic of Germany and, as a result, gravitate towards the South German type of local constitution.It is summarized that the analysis does not exhaust the entire list of problematic aspects related to the organizational forms of activity of local authorities in Germany, on the basis of which such aspects should become the subject of further scientific development. ; У статті досліджено організаційні форми діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування в Землях, що входили до складу НДР в часи перебування в складі НДР та ФРН.Проаналізовано сучасне реформування місцевого самоврядування у ФРН. Аргументовано, що насправді у ФРН не існує п'ятої організаційної форми місцевого самоврядування, яка згадується в окремих літературних джерелах, адже федеральні Землі, які раніше входили до радянської окупаційної зони, внаслідок територіальних та функціональних реформ, перейняли досвід існуючих у ФРН типів організаційних форм діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування та, як наслідок, тяжіють до південно-німецького типу місцевої конституції. Запропоновано проведення подальших досліджень наслідків реформ місцевого самоврядування у ФРН.

ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the organization of local self-government in the context of the search for new rationality. Moving on to the individual powers of local self-government bodies, the authors discuss the need to modernize management in municipalities, which is designed to guarantee every citizen the right to participate in the implementation of local self-government. In relation to the main functions of local self-government bodies contained in the legislation (in ensuring a favorable environment, collective actions), the authors give judicial practice as an example and identify problems of law enforcement, stated in the final part of the work.

In article investigates definition of "system" of local government on the basis of constitutional and legislative regulation. Introduced a new approach to classification of local self-government bodies on two groups — obligatory and elective with their subsequent separation. The definition of the system of local self-government bodies and system of public authorities of federal territories is given. The content of the concept of "unity of the system of public power" is revealed in relation to the system of local self-government bodies. In addition, authors once again confirmed justness inclusion of system of local self-government bodies into single system of public authority in the state.

The article defines the concept of "civil society institutions" and presents their different types. The characteristic features of civil society institutions are identified, which distinguish them from other civil society organizations, like: common interest, activity or defined territory that unites citizens into an institutional organization of the civil society; their independence from local governments, public authorities, and other entities; non-commercial nature of their activities. The position of the civil society institutions development and their participation in governance as a component of the democratic state building, is highlighted in the article. The analysis of the normative-legal base, which regulates the legal relations of the interaction of civil society institutions with local self-government bodies, is carried out. It is established that the legal basis which regulates the interaction and legal relations of local governments with individual civil society institutions is the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal documents, other special laws of Ukraine, regulations. Based on the analysis, key aspects of cooperation are identified, which are proposed to be regulated by amending the Law of Ukraine "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine" which provides a separate article that will be the legal basis for building relations between all established civil society institutions and local governments. Analyzing the Decree of the President of Ukraine "On promoting the development of civil society in Ukraine" (2016), the authors concluded that it is necessary to regulate the aspects defined in this normative document and develop a strategy for cooperation between local governments and civil society institutions. The article proves the importance of using fundraising technology as a form of interaction between the researched subjects, which will satisfy their interests. The necessity of including fundraising technology in the strategy of development of interaction between local self-government ...

The development of a Ukrainian democratic state largely depends on the establishment of relations between public and local authorities on the ground, and on the expansion of the sphere of local self-government bodies' activities. The changes that are being implemented today include the realization of the principles of subsidiarity, the ubiquity of local self-government, financial self-sufficiency, and the widespread using the democratic mechanisms. We are faced with the task of bringing local self-government and territorial organization of power in line with European standards and fulfilling the state's international obligations in this sphere. Therefore, the article represents approaches to the development and functioning of local self-government system, reflected in the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which can enhance political, economic, social, cultural development of local communities and improve living standards and quality of administrative services provided to the population.

The article deals with Local Government. As the title implies the article describes general principles of local self-government organization according to the law of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the law of Ukraine on local self-government, how citizens' participation in management can function successfully only if there are already elements of civil society and self-organization. A mention should be made that the problem of studying the principles of local self-government organization is extremely important. The article uses a comparative research method as well as studies the foreign experience of local self-government organization and its principles. The formation and development of local self-government at the present time in modern Ukraine are considered. The result of the study was that due to the study of the law on local self-government, the formation of national local self-government in Ukraine was determined. The modern stage of local self-government in Ukraine is characterized by a critical review of the methodology of the socialist legal system. Special attention is given to reflection of the development of local self-government and communities, which was preceded by another attempt to increasing the role of councils as local state authorities by improving their structure, as well as improving the regulatory and legal support for the functioning of local self-government bodies, namely, important steps on the way to the formation and constitutional and legal consolidation of the foundations of local self-government in Ukraine. As a conclusion, the article states that, according to the European Charter of Local Self-Government, Ukraine has taken on a number of obligations that it has not yet fulfilled in completely, particularly that the local self-government at the level of districts and regions remains incomplete, since the councils do not have their executive structures, in practice the fundamental principles of local self-government provided by the Charter, which are the organizational, legal and financial autonomy of local self-government bodies in Ukraine, have not been fully implemented.

This chapter describes how Finnish legislation follows the articles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. In general, even though localself-government in Finland is constitutionally and legally protected, it is highly state-dependent and restricted in many ways. The current government reform challenges local self-government by establishing a new regional level of governance, altering the Finnish local government system. The burden of public services exposes local government for reforming, which has affected the relationship between central and local governments. In Finland, to follow and implement the principles of the Charter, the biggest challenges are with the municipalities' wide responsibilities, financial constraints, and strong state steering. This chapter illustrates how the role of local government as a service provider has led to a situation where municipalities are strictly steered by and financially dependent on the national government.

In this article a presently existing public administration system in Lithuania as well as the position of municipalities(subjects of local self–government) in that system are described, the features of the "real" local self–governmentare being formulated, potentially possible groups of problems of local self–government are distinguished and currentlymain problems of municipalities of Lithuania are indicated.The author of the article notes that in Lithuania up till now the concept of the "real" local self–government hasnot been clearly and unambiguously defined yet. That makes the formulation of target goals, tasks and means as wellas their implementation developing the system of local self–government more difficult. Seeking at least partly to fillthe existing gap, the author of the article formulates eight features of the "real" local self–government.Having defined the problem of local self–government as a deviation from the "normal" conditions for thefunctioning of the local self–government system that cause negative changes in the system, the author of the articleshows the relationship between the "normal" conditions for the functioning of local self–government and the formulatedfeatures of the "real" local self–government. According to this relationship the author of the article indicateseight potentially possible groups of problems of local self–government.On the basis of the accumulated knowledge and acquired experience the author of the article points out fivegroups of currently particularly important problems for local self–government of Lithuania, which are conditionallynamed as follows: 1) suppressed independence; 2) insufficient constructiveness of the relationship among differentlevels of government; 3) economic problems of municipalities; 4) not involving community members in managinglocal affairs; 5) inertness of municipalities.

This article discusses "local self-government", a core concept in a Charter of the Council of Europe, and it departs from the debate in the Norwegian Parliament about constitutional protection of local self-government. Such a change has recently been voted down, and this serves as an opportunity to question the idea about local self-government in a time when there are claims about a shift from government to governance. The article provides some examples of co-governance in Norway, and argues that the meaning given by "local self-government" is not obvious. It also points to some possible issues in a future revision of the Charter mentioned above. Adapted from the source document.

Lithuania is a parliamentary democracy and a decentralised unitary state. In 2018 on 16th of February country celebrated 100 years of the birth of modern Lithuania. In 1918 there was established an independent, modern state of people, which had to be ruled by democratically elected government. Since June 1940 country was occupied by the Soviet Union. Lithuania restored its independence on 11 March 1990. Nowadays Lithuania has the population of 2.8 million (2019) and the territory of 65 300 km2. Lithuania has got one tier local government system. It consists of 60 local authorities or municipalities. Lithuania has constitutional basics of local government, local government are regulated in the Law on Local Government, and European Charter of Local Government was signed in 1996 and ratified in 1999 without reservations. The chapter present brief historical development of local self-government in Lithuania, describes constitution, legal, administrative, financial and other local self-government issues, paying attention to such local self-government dimensions as responsibility, right to associate and protection. Also there are presented future challenges of the implementation of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in country.

Lithuania is a parliamentary democracy and a decentralised unitary state. In 2018 on 16th of February country celebrated 100 years of the birth of modern Lithuania. In 1918 there was established an independent, modern state of people, which had to be ruled by democratically elected government. Since June 1940 country was occupied by the Soviet Union. Lithuania restored its independence on 11 March 1990. Nowadays Lithuania has the population of 2.8 million (2019) and the territory of 65 300 km2. Lithuania has got one tier local government system. It consists of 60 local authorities or municipalities. Lithuania has constitutional basics of local government, local government are regulated in the Law on Local Government, and European Charter of Local Government was signed in 1996 and ratified in 1999 without reservations. The chapter present brief historical development of local self-government in Lithuania, describes constitution, legal, administrative, financial and other local self-government issues, paying attention to such local self-government dimensions as responsibility, right to associate and protection. Also there are presented future challenges of the implementation of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in country.

Lithuania is a parliamentary democracy and a decentralised unitary state. In 2018 on 16th of February country celebrated 100 years of the birth of modern Lithuania. In 1918 there was established an independent, modern state of people, which had to be ruled by democratically elected government. Since June 1940 country was occupied by the Soviet Union. Lithuania restored its independence on 11 March 1990. Nowadays Lithuania has the population of 2.8 million (2019) and the territory of 65 300 km2. Lithuania has got one tier local government system. It consists of 60 local authorities or municipalities. Lithuania has constitutional basics of local government, local government are regulated in the Law on Local Government, and European Charter of Local Government was signed in 1996 and ratified in 1999 without reservations. The chapter present brief historical development of local self-government in Lithuania, describes constitution, legal, administrative, financial and other local self-government issues, paying attention to such local self-government dimensions as responsibility, right to associate and protection. Also there are presented future challenges of the implementation of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in country.

Lithuania is a parliamentary democracy and a decentralised unitary state. In 2018 on 16th of February country celebrated 100 years of the birth of modern Lithuania. In 1918 there was established an independent, modern state of people, which had to be ruled by democratically elected government. Since June 1940 country was occupied by the Soviet Union. Lithuania restored its independence on 11 March 1990. Nowadays Lithuania has the population of 2.8 million (2019) and the territory of 65 300 km2. Lithuania has got one tier local government system. It consists of 60 local authorities or municipalities. Lithuania has constitutional basics of local government, local government are regulated in the Law on Local Government, and European Charter of Local Government was signed in 1996 and ratified in 1999 without reservations. The chapter present brief historical development of local self-government in Lithuania, describes constitution, legal, administrative, financial and other local self-government issues, paying attention to such local self-government dimensions as responsibility, right to associate and protection. Also there are presented future challenges of the implementation of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in country.