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People memory system plays a key role in the decision‐making process (DMP). In order to examine its influence on decision‐making, an individual's memory‐based decision‐making system is developed, and then, we integrate the multi‐agent decision systems and construct a sequential risky decision model on the basis of an informational cascade. This study aims at exploring the public's decisions on whether or not to take protective actions under risk. The findings indicate that people with different strength of ties to friends and relatives make huge differences on decision‐making. In the group with weak ties, the agent's total size of decision information and the level of risk perception are reducing in the sequential decision process. We further prove that people with weak ties are more prone to take no protective action, and the probability is also decreasing with the decision turn. The sequence of people with strong ties makes decisions dynamically with the intensity of released information. Finally, the influences of forgetting rate and memory capacity on people's decision‐making are examined. The model provides a new line of thought about building a multi‐agent system of DMP, which is also very helpful for the design of an information management system during emergencies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractIn relational event networks, endogenous statistics are used to summarize the past activity between actors. Typically, it is assumed that past events have equal weight on the social interaction rate in the (near) future regardless of the time that has transpired since observing them. Generally, it is unrealistic to assume that recently past events affect the current event rate to an equal degree as long-past events. Alternatively one may consider using a prespecified decay function with a prespecified rate of decay. A problem then is that the chosen decay function could be misspecified yielding biased results and incorrect conclusions. In this paper, we introduce three parametric weight decay functions (exponential, linear, and one-step) that can be embedded in a relational event model. A statistical method is presented to decide which memory decay function and memory parameter best fit the observed sequence of events. We present simulation studies that show the presence of bias in the estimates of effects of the statistics whenever the decay, as well as the memory parameter, are not properly estimated, and the ability to test different memory models against each other using the Bayes factor. Finally, we apply the methodology to two empirical case studies.

Abstract
This theoretical article investigates the effects of media frames on individuals' judgments. In contrast to previous theorizing, we suggest that framing scholars should embrace both, on-line and memory-based judgment formation processes. Based on that premise, we propose a model that distinguishes between two phases of framing effects. Along the first phase, the media's framing contributes to the formation of an on-line or a memory-based judgment. The second phase describes six hypothetical routes for the stability or the change of these judgments: maintenance, readjustment, crystallization, inoculation, persuasion, and attenuation. At the heart of our model, we try to extract predictors for each of those routes. Finally, the implications of the proposed model for future framing research are discussed.

This study explores the role played by collective perceptions of the past in constructing, maintaining, and challenging views of citizenship and national identity while taking divergent visions of the past seriously. It seeks to understand how much of the disparity in the way citizenship questions are approached can be explained by the differences in visions of the past. Drawing on comparative historical analysis of two post-imperial core countries, Turkey and Austria, this volume explores how differences in perspectives on the past inform citizenship debates. It looks at the ways in which different forms of historical narratives foster certain citizenship models and create resistance against others. By doing this, it develops a conceptual framework applicable beyond the two cases when analyzing the history-identity nexus at the collective level.

Multilevel approaches provide a powerful way to assess simultaneously the contribution of message differences and individual differences to prediction of memory for media content. Many questions about memory legitimately invite investigation of not only factors that describe people but also variables describing messages as well as potential interactions between those two levels. This article introduces an example of how multilevel modeling techniques can be applied to avoid basic pitfalls and to predict memory for electronic media content. Using data from a sample of U.S. adolescents and data regarding the content and prevalence of nationally available health campaign advertisements, this study illustrates main effects and cross-level interactions relevant to an array of communication scholars and professionals.

Producción Científica ; Dataflow programming consists in developing a program by describing its sequential stages and the interactions between them. The runtime systems supporting this kind of programming are responsible for exploiting the parallelism by concurrently executing the different stages as soon as their dependencies are met. In this paper we introduce a new parallel programming model and framework based on the dataflow paradigm. It presents a new combination of features that allows to easily map programs to shared or distributed memory, exploiting data locality and affinity to obtain the same performance than optimized coarse-grain MPI programs. These features include: It is a unique one-tier model that supports hybrid shared- and distributed-memory systems with the same abstractions; it can express activities arbitrarily linked, including non-nested cycles; it uses internally a distributed work-stealing mechanism to allow Multiple-Producer/Multiple-Consumer configurations; and it has a runtime mechanism for the reconfiguration of the dependences and communication channels which also allows the creation of task-to-task data affinities. We present an evaluation using examples of different classes of applications. Experimental results show that programs generated using this framework deliver good performance in hybrid distributed- and shared-memory environments, with a similar development effort as other dataflow programming models oriented to shared-memory. ; 2019-01-01 ; MICINN (Spain) and ERDF program of the European Union: HomProg-HetSys project (TIN2014-58876- P), PCAS project (TIN2017-88614-R), CAPAP-H6 (TIN2016-81840-REDT), and COST Program Action IC1305: Network for Sustainable Ultrascale Com- puting (NESUS). By Junta de Castilla y Le on, project PROPHET (VA082P17). And by the computing facilities of Extremadura Research Centre for Advanced Technologies (CETA- CIEMAT), funded by the European Regional Develop- ment Fund (ERDF). CETA-CIEMAT belongs to CIEMAT and the Govern- ment of Spain.

This paper is an introduction on the Causal Theory of Memory, one of the most discussed theories in philosophy of memory in the present days. We begin with Martin & Deutscher's formulation of the theory, in which the authors present three criteria in order for a given mental state to be considered an instance of memory, amongst them, the famous causal criterion, which stipulates that a memory must be causally connected to the past experience. Subsequently, we discuss if these criteria are necessary and sufficient for memory and we present two theories that complement these criteria with an epistemic and a phenomenological criterion, i.e., the Causal Epistemic Theory and the Causal Autonoetic Theory. We then introduce the concept of memory traces, which are, according to Martin & Deutscher, the causal link between the memory and the past experience which created this memory; we present the model of traces as structural analogues and the model of distributed traces and discuss the problems which arise for each of these models of traces. Afterwards we focus on the concept of causality and present the Causal Procedural Theory, which offers a different conception of causality that does not focus on the memory traces, but on causal process itself. Lastly, we present the theory called Discontinuism, a theory about the relation between memory and imagination, which follows directly from the Causal Theory of Memory.