Suchergebnisse

http://www.ecprnet.eu/conferences/general_conference/reykjavik/ ; At least throughout developed countries, the pharmaceutical industry is in the midst of a period of doubts, reflexion and propositions for change concerning the inextricable link between its economic structure and its political ordering. - From the angle of industrial economics and the business models of firms, the end of the 'blockbuster era' -caused by a plateau in scientific innovation and increased competition from generics- has yet to give rise to a replacement wherein biotechnologies, personalized medicines and preventive clinical practice might eventually herald a new set of parameters; - At the same time, this disruption of the economy of pharmaceuticals has in part of course been caused by decisions by collective and public bodies that have led to greater competition through the lifting of barriers to international trade and encouraging the substitution of off-patented drugs by generics. Whether these measures have been the result of neoliberal ideology, or simply of a drive to cut the ever-rising costs of health care, the consequence has been a challenge to the capacity of large pharmaceutical companies ('Big Pharma') to demand that public and collective bodies reward all the 'innovations' they seek to put on the market (Montalban, 2007 & 2008).

http://www.ecprnet.eu/conferences/general_conference/reykjavik/ ; At least throughout developed countries, the pharmaceutical industry is in the midst of a period of doubts, reflexion and propositions for change concerning the inextricable link between its economic structure and its political ordering. - From the angle of industrial economics and the business models of firms, the end of the 'blockbuster era' -caused by a plateau in scientific innovation and increased competition from generics- has yet to give rise to a replacement wherein biotechnologies, personalized medicines and preventive clinical practice might eventually herald a new set of parameters; - At the same time, this disruption of the economy of pharmaceuticals has in part of course been caused by decisions by collective and public bodies that have led to greater competition through the lifting of barriers to international trade and encouraging the substitution of off-patented drugs by generics. Whether these measures have been the result of neoliberal ideology, or simply of a drive to cut the ever-rising costs of health care, the consequence has been a challenge to the capacity of large pharmaceutical companies ('Big Pharma') to demand that public and collective bodies reward all the 'innovations' they seek to put on the market (Montalban, 2007 & 2008).

Multiple Paradigm Research on Organisational Culture: An Introduction of Complexity Paradigm
The author presents multiple paradigm research into the organisational culture of a birdwatching association, where he conducted his ethnographic research. On top of the functionalist, interpretive, radical structuralist and radical humanist paradigms as presented by Gibson Burrell and Gareth Morgan, he applies the fifth paradigm into the analysis of the organisation. The so-called complexity paradigm, which was formed in 1980's based on findings about complex systems and networks that emerged in natural and social sciences, summarizes all other paradigms, integrating them into a coherent unit. According to the author, the approach that exploits the benefits of each previously known paradigm illustrates comprehensively the complexity of organisational cultures, whereas the new paradigm upgrades our previous knowledge on organisations.

Le conflit social contemporain au sujet des relations parents‐enfants, et spécialement en ce qui concerne la sexualité de l'enfant, est analysé ici à l'aide de trois paradigmes théoriques sur la construction sociale de l'enfance: a/ les enfants en tant que propriété, une définition sociale trouvant son origine dans la société pré‐industrielle; b/ la protection des enfants, légitimée par l'industrialisation; et c/ l'enfant en tant que personne, une conception défendue par de récents mouvements de libération. Des exemples pour chaque paradigme sont tirés de sources canadiennes contemporaines. L'intensité actuelle de la révolution paradigmatiqué est expliquée sous l'image d'un noeud de tabous étreignant la construction sociale de la sexualité aussi bien que du pouvoir.Contemporary social conflict over parent‐child relationships, especially concerning child sexuality, is analysed using three theoretical paradigms of social construction of childhood: a/ children as property, a social definition originating in pre‐industrial society; b/ protection of children, legitimated by industrialism; and c/ the child as person, advocated by recent liberation movements. Examples of each paradigm are drawn from contemporary Canadian sources. The current intensity of 'paradigmatic revolution' is explained in terms of a nexus of taboos surrounding social construction of both sexuality and power.