Suchergebnisse

It is the aim of this section to include summaries and comments on recent developments in law and policy in the social welfare area. This covers short notes on changes in the law or administrative practice as well as discussion and criticism of the implications of political strategies or social events. In this issue we look at the increasing erosion of the NHS by private medicine both inside and outside the health service, and at another example of the 'restructuring' of social services, this time in the US, an example which it is instructive to compare with the British situation. In future issues we intend to look at the restructuring of local government finance and its impact on social services, and at what is happening in education. We would welcome contributions of 2000 to 3000 words in these or other areas. Contributions to this section should be sent to Pete Aleock, Dept EBS, Sheffield City Polytechnic, Pond Street, Sheffield S1 1 WB.

Vermögen und Einkommen privater Haushalte.

Themen: Detaillierte Ermittlung der Vermögens- und
Einkommensverhältnisse einschließlich der Nebeneinkünfte; Verteilung
der Geldanlagen auf unterschiedliche Konten; Bargeldhaltung; Art der
Geldinstitute; Sparziele und Einstellung zum Sparen; Zeitabstand
zwischen den Einkommenszahlungen.

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Geschlecht; Familienstand; Kinderzahl;
Konfession; Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung; Weiterbildung; Beruf;
Berufstätigkeit; Einkommen; Haushaltseinkommen; Haushaltsgröße;
Haushaltszusammensetzung; Kinderzahl (unter 14 Jahre); Anzahl der
Jugendlichen (14-25 Jahre); Ortsgröße; Bundesland; Haus- und
Grundbesitz; Besitz von Vermögen; Einkommen anderer
Haushaltsmitglieder.

Männliche, verheiratete Personen wurden zusätzlich gefragt: Beruf,
Einkommen und Religion der Ehefrau.

The continuing trend of increasing frequency and severity of losses from natural and man-made-catastrophes during the last decades has drawn attention to catastrophe risk management. Considering the loss potential of catastrophic events, the private insurance markets' capacity does not seem to be suffi-cient. Problems concerning the supply of adequate catastrophe insurance coverage – resulting mainly from insurability constraints – are aggravated by difficulties of lacking insurance demand. This paper addresses aspects of efficient solutions to increase the supply of and demand for insurance coverage against catastrophic threats. In this context, the government`s role as a risk bearer becomes an increasingly important issue. In particular, we will demonstrate that "pure private" and "pure public" strategies are dominated by "mixed" strategies involving a cooperation of the private and the public sec-tor. Based on an adequate design of a Public-Private Partnership, advantages of the private insurance market can be combined with the state's capacity reserves and power to set a general (legal) framework for improving a society's risk sharing and risk management. Strategies with public involvement are more or less severe interventions in the market system which re-quires them to be well-motivated and makes them applicable under certain conditions only. Supplying public capacity for losses from catastrophe events may be favoured from an economic point of view to expand the limits of insurability, but only by using risk-adequate pricing strategies and not for permanent subsidisation of certain business sectors. The state's role consists not only in supplying coverage capac-ity, but also in setting an adequate general framework (building regulations, land use planning, etc.) to assure necessary claim prevention. On the other hand, in order to increase the demand for catastrophe insurance, establishing mandatory insurance for fundamental risks can be considered as a useful tool for internalizing externalities caused by lacking insurance demand. Besides the introduction of a compulsory insurance system, general conditions must be set by the state in order to assure the acceptance of manda-tory insurance (tax-privileged provisions, public capacity support for "uninsurable" individual risks, etc.).