Suchergebnisse

As poor countries deplete their natural resources, for increased consumption to be sustainable some of the revenues should be invested in other public assets. Further, since such countries typically have acute shortages of public capital, the finance from resource depletion is an opportunity for needed public investment. Using a new global panel dataset on public capital and resource rents covering the period 1970 to 2005 we find that, contrary to these expectations, resource rents significantly and substantially reduce the public capital stock. This is more direct evidence for a policy-based 'resource curse' than the conventional, indirect evidence from the relationships between resource endowments, growth and income. The adverse effect on public capital is mitigated by good economic and political institutions and worsened by GDP volatility and ethnic fractionalization. Rents from depleting resources have more adverse effects than those that are sustainable. Our main results are robust to a variety of controls, and to instrumental variable estimation using commodity price and rainfall as instruments, Arellano-Bond GMM estimation, as well as across different samples and data frequencies.

As poor countries deplete their natural resources, for increased consumption to be sustainable some of the revenues should be invested in other public assets. Further, since such countries typically have acute shortages of public capital, the finance from resource depletion is an opportunity for needed public investment. Using a new global panel dataset on public capital and resource rents covering the period 1970 to 2005 we find that, contrary to these expectations, resource rents significantly and substantially reduce the public capital stock. This is more direct evidence for a policy-based 'resource curse' than the conventional, indirect evidence from the relationships between resource endowments, growth and income. The adverse effect on public capital is mitigated by good economic and political institutions and worsened by GDP volatility and ethnic fractionalization. Rents from depleting resources have more adverse effects than those that are sustainable. Our main results are robust to a variety of controls, and to instrumental variable estimation using commodity price and rainfall as instruments, Arellano-Bond GMM estimation, as well as across different samples and data frequencies.

This paper examines the impact of public capital expenditure on inflation rate in Nigeria. The data for the study were sourced from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin. The data was subjected to unit root test using Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) approach to ascertain the time series properties. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the socioeconomic characteristics of the variables. Due to the mixed order of integration witnessed in the unit root, ARDL- Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach was used for cointegration and regression analysis. The result found that Public capital expenditure is negatively and statistically significant (tcal = -2.903) in influencing Inflation Rate in Nigeria. This outcome is highly directional in the sense that prudent and productive spending will always subdue inflation in any economy; therefore, this study recommend that government should increase its investment in production sectors and encourage skilful and willing citizens to participate, since this would reduce the expenses being incurred on business as a result low currency value and raise the profitability of firms.

This paper studies the allocation of public spending between education services and infrastructure investment in an endogenous growth model of a developing economy where public capital in infrastructure affects human capital accumulation. The balanced growth path is derived and the possibility of local indeterminacy is discussed. Dynamics associated with a budget‐neutral reallocation of spending from education to infrastructure are studied through numerical simulations. The growth‐maximizing share of investment in infrastructure is shown to depend on the goods production technology and the 'productiveness' of infrastructure in the schooling technology. Properties of the welfare‐maximizing solution are also discussed.

In this paper, we extend the usual models of irreversible investment under uncertainty by introducing the stock of public capital as an input for the private sector. Public investment takes place in a stochastic environment. Public capital then increases the productivity of private capital which is assumed to be fully irreversible. In our model, the government has an intertemporal budget constraint, i.e. taxes are collected each period to fund the public debt. We provide a partial equilibrium analysis, as it is standard in models of irreversible investment under uncertainty. Even under uncertainty, the optimal tax rate is then constant and does not depend on the size of uncertainty, it is exactly the same as the one that would prevail in a deterministic world. We show that the government has an insurance role since it removes part of the uncertainty faced by the firm.

City governments are actively involved in enhancing the development potential of their territories. They mobilize public capital to influence development. In this article, a conceptual framework is constructed around two factors that trigger the mobilization of public capital: (1) a perception of imbalance between a city's competitive tax burden and service-delivery levels and (2) city officials' vision of the appropriate place for their city amid what they consider to be relevant cities. Trigger mechanisms produce four city-level orientations to development that are labeled survivalist, market, expansionist, and maintenance. In an application of the conceptual framework, data are presented from representative cities.

Debate exists over the role that public investment must play in economic recovery and economic growth. The underlying idea behind this debate has much to do with the value of output elasticity of public capital. This article presents a meta‐analysis of this elasticity, which was performed by considering almost 2,000 elasticities previously estimated from 145 papers. In addition, for each elasticity, we also take into account some 30 associated features relative to the methodology used for each case or relative to the characteristics of data samples. The obtained results reveal an average short‐term elasticity of 0.13 (0.16 in the long term). We also find evidence of the importance of the methodology adopted for the obtained results, as well as the publication bias. Finally, we find a minor reduction in the value of the elasticity as public capital endowments increase. The results obtained highlight the positive and important effect of public investment on productivity. As a results of the value obtained, public investment will be self‐financed in the long‐term because of generated returns. But, we also find that the effectiveness of public investment has a clear influence of the institutional context.

This paper concentrates on the golden rule of public finance. It reviews the main advantages and disadvantages of the potential implementation of this rule in the European Union. Often the question of the productivity of public capital is at the heart of the rule's discussions. As this issue has mostly been investigated for the United States, we try to estimate the productivity of public capital using data on the current member states of the European Union. Working both with data on net capital stocks and gross capital formation, we come to the conclusion that there is a cointegrating relationship between capital and output and that this relationship is in most cases positive. However, as there are also other expenditures classified as current spending that have a positive effect on the output in the long run, we argue that the golden rule should not be introduced in the European Union if the current definition of public capital investment does not change for the rule's purposes.

According to the researchers, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of government spending on poverty rates in Nigeria. Several issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistics bulletin were used in the research, which yielded a large amount of data. The data was submitted to a unit root test, which was performed using the Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) method, in order to determine its time series characteristics. The variables' socioeconomic characteristics were obtained via the use of descriptive statistics. Because of the varying order of integration seen in the unit root, cointegration and regression analysis were carried out utilizing the ARDL- Autoregressive Distributed Lag method, which is an acronym for Autoregressive Distributed Lag. The results of the study revealed that the crucial t-value of 2.185498 is more than the t-statistic value of 2.185498 by a factor of two (2.0). Additionally, the result of 0.0377 is less than the cutoff value of 0.05. According to the findings of the research, capital expenditure has a significant impact on the poverty rate. According to the study, more capital investment in the following areas is recommended: education, electricity generation, economic services, and health. It also recommends that resources be effectively managed.