Suchergebnisse

Background: Human factors are widely acknowledged as major contributors in road traffic collision (RTC) involvement. The aim of the present study, using secondary data analysis was to analyse associations between job characteristics, mental health, personality, fatigue and driving behaviour and their potential connection to RTCs, as well as their potential links with some of the risk factors as outcome variables (driving behaviour, driver fatigue and risk-taking).
Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional approach, with 2856 clients of an insurance company completing an online survey in which they were asked about their driving and a range of other factors, such as personality, job characteristics and mental health.
Results: The results revealed that whereas the extant literature points to personality traits as directly causal of RTCs, they actually impact driving behaviour and risk-taking behaviour. In addition, an association was found between higher salary and risk-taking (the latter predictive of RTC involvement). Using the Demands, Resources and Individual Effects model (DRIVE) it was possible to examine associations between particular job characteristics and driving behaviour, driver fatigue, and risk-taking. Associations between poor levels of driving behaviour and high levels of decision making, perceived job stress, long working hours and issues of work-life balance were uncovered. Moreover, a combined effects approach revealed a 16.73-fold increase in driver fatigue for younger, single drivers who often drive in heavy traffic, on the motorway and in adverse weather, with stressful, noisy, pressurised jobs, lower in levels of respect (typical of the blue-collar worker).
Conclusion: Based on the current findings, further longitudinal research is recommended to assess causality.

AbstractWith perfect information from flawlessly designed and executed evaluations of social programs in short supply, evaluators are urged to look to gathering many kinds of evidence and analyzing it by multiple methods to reduce the incidence of erroneous conclusions.

The study is dated to 140th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding representative of the Tatar people, Bagbustan Vildanovna Mukminova (1884–1963). She is a well-known educator, teacher and author of numerous articles on women's issues. Thanks to her, in 1908 the first new-method school, the Bagbustan School, was opened in Orenburg, which operated until 1918. Baghbustan Khanum resumes summer pedagogical courses created at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries on the initiative of Gabdulgani Khusainov in the village of Kabanovo, Burzyan-Kipchak Volost, Orenburg Province. She is one of the first Tatar women to receive an official certificate from the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly, which allowed teaching activities. B. Mukminova went to Turkey in 1914 to study teaching experience and improve education. There she seeked permission to enter the parliament and spoke before local deputies. That was an unheard of event for Turkey and was covered by the Turkish press. The presented article presents the biographical facts and principal directions of B.V. Mukminova's pedagogical activities. The study is based on a secondary analysis of information from the book "Un ellyk gyilmi hezmat", dedicated to the 10th anniversary of Baghbustan School and its leader's pedagogical work. The book, prepared by members of the Orenburg Muslim Women's Society, describes the history of the Bagbustan School from the first days of its existence, mentions people who provided material and moral support to the school, lists the subjects taught, discloses the income and expenses of the educational institution, and highlights the work of pedagogical courses. The publication describes in detail Baghbustan Khanum's trip to Turkey and contains the memoirs of the teacher of the Ak-Mechet girls' school, Hermez Muhammedova, who was a participant in the summer pedagogical courses. Particular attention is given to the note about Baghbustan Khanum from the Turkish newspaper "Tasfire Afkar".

This article is based on data gathered in the 1960s, which included information on household composition and family formations. We explore different family formations and structures represented in this data and the meaning attached to issues around a number of 'unusual' family compositions encountered by the researchers at that time. We also examine the significance attached to atypical family units by both the respondents and the interviewers.

We examine recruitment processes for 71 pragmatic and comparative effectiveness trials identified in a systematic review, using path analysis to examine rates of refusal to screen, test, and consent to trial participation. Our analysis suggests that refusal rates might be on net slightly higher if potential subjects are screened or asked to undergo physical eligibility tests, but this was not significant in our sample of trials ( p = .11 by Mann–Whitney test). We find that rates of refusing to provide informed consent are much lower for trials in which subjects have agreed to screening or testing (odds ratio = 0.40, Wilcoxon rank-sum z = 2.67, p = .008). We also observe that the overwhelming majority of trials examined secured consent after determining eligibility, even in trials involving screening or testing activities. The ethical implications and areas for future research are discussed.

Reflection on recent developments in the re-use of archived interview data was initiated by drawing on the experience of working on two very different projects: 'Overseas-trained doctors and the development of geriatric medicine' and 'The oldest generation', one of the Timescapes projects. These two projects, run in parallel but independent of one another, were very different in focus, but both explored the practice of re-use. This article draws out insights acquired and lessons learned. However, by taking a longer reflective view, an engagement with secondary analysis emerges much earlier. The article draws on examples from the author's own research history, describing how re-engagement with an earlier re-user of her data reveals continuing academic controversies.

Maintaining a 'critical reflexivity' ( Heaphy 2008 ) or 'investigative epistemology' ( Mason 2007 ) in relation to the sedimented assumptions built up over the course of one's own research history and embedded in common research boundaries, is difficult. The type of secondary analysis discussed in this paper is not an easy or quick 'fix' to the important issue of how such assumptions can embed themselves over time in methods chosen and questions asked. Even though archived studies are often accompanied by relatively detailed metadata, finding relevant data and getting a grasp on a sample, is time-consuming. However, it is argued that close examination of rawer data than those presented in research reports from carefully chosen studies combining similar foci and epistemological approaches but with differently situated samples, can help. Here, this process highlighted assumptions underlying the habitual disciplinary locations and constructions of so-called 'vulnerable' as opposed to 'ordinary' samples, leading the author to scrutinise aspects of her previous research work in this light and providing important insights for the development of further projects.

While secondary data analysis of quantitative data has become commonplace and encouraged across disciplines, the practice of secondary data analysis with qualitative data has met more criticism and concerns regarding potential methodological and ethical problems. Though commentary about qualitative secondary data analysis has increased, little is known about the current state of qualitative secondary data analysis or how researchers are conducting secondary data analysis with qualitative data. This critical interpretive synthesis examined research articles (n = 71) published between 2006 and 2016 that involved qualitative secondary data analysis and assessed the context, purpose, and methodologies that were reported. Implications of findings are discussed, with particular focus on recommended guidelines and best practices of conducting qualitative secondary data analysis.

Background: The annual number of post-mortem organ donations in Germany has declined by more than 30% since 2010. The causes of this development have not yet been adequately determined. Methods: All patients hospitalized in Germany between 2010 and 2015 (112 172 869 hospitalizations in total) were included in this nationwide secondary analysis. Among the deceased patients we identified those who had died in the presence of a brain damage and for whom organ donation was not excluded either by a medical contraindication or by the patient's not having been artificially ventilated. The analysis was also conducted separately for six German university hospitals. Results: Over the period 2010-2015, the number of potential organ donors per year in Germany rose by 13.9%, from 23 937 to 27 258. This development was due to an increase in the number of deaths with severe brain damage as well as an increase in the percentage of patients who were treated with invasive ventilation before death. The contact quotient, i.e., the percentage of potential donors for whom contact was made with the German Foundation for Organ Transplantation (Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation, DSO) fell over this period from 11.4% to 8.2%. At the same time, the realization quotient (the percentage of potential donors who became actual donors) fell from 5.4% to 3.2%, and the conversion quotient (the percentage of potential donors for whom contact was made who became actual donors) fell from 47% to 39.1%. From 2010 to 2012, the falling realization quotient was accounted for mainly by the falling conversion quotient; from 2012 to 2015, it was accounted for mainly by the falling contact quotient. The contact and realization quotients among the six university hospitals studied differed markedly (by factors of 17.5 and 23.3, respectively), while the conversion quotients differed only minimally (by a factor of 1.3). Conclusion: The decline in post-mortem organ donation is due to a deficiency in the recognition and reporting of potential organ donors in hospital. If this process were better supported on the organizational and political level, far more organs could be transplanted.

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Probleme des Kontextes bei der Durchführung von Sekundäranalysen und skizziert im Einzelnen die wissenschaftstheoretischen, methodischen, praktischen und ethischen Herausforderungen, die sich aus der Reanalyse historisch spezifischer, kontextgebundener Daten aus Archiven ergeben. Am Gegenstand des Wandels und der Kontinuität des Familienlebens werden unsere Bemühungen dargestellt, eine Methode für den Vergleich aktueller Elternberichte mit entsprechenden Daten aus den 1960er Jahren zu entwickeln. Wir diskutieren die kontextuellen Komplexitäten und Beschränkungen, die wir beim Versuch vorfinden, einen variablen Ansatz für die Erforschung des sozialen Wandels mit Hilfe einer historischen Vergleichsanalyse zu konstruieren; und wir beschreiben, wie wir mit diesen Probleme umzugehen suchten.

Techniques for secondary analysis: Unfolding analysis of "PICK K/N" and "PICK ANY/N" data