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Both structural-functional theory & conflict theory provide useful models of society. However, the elements of the structural-functional model are diametrically opposed to those of conflict theory, so that in the former the following propositions hold: (1) every society is a relatively persisting configuration of elements, (2) every society is a well-integrated configuration of elements, (3) every element in a society contributes to its functioning, & (4) every society rests on the consensus of its members. In conflict theory, on the other hand, the following propositions hold: (a) every society is subjected at every moment to change: soc change is ubiquitous, (b) every society experiences at every moment soc conflict: soc conflict is ubiquitous, (c) every element in a society contributes to its change, & (d) every society rests on constraint of some of its members by others. Until a more general theory of society is developed, society must be thought of as presenting a double aspect to the sociol'al understanding. A model of conflict is constructed which locates the structural origin of soc conflict in the dominance relations which prevail within certain units of soc org. Max Weber's concept of 'imperatively co-ordinated group' is employed for these units. Thus soc conflicts are structurally explained on the basis of the division into positive & negative dominance roles, so that: (i) interest in the status quo is associated with the positive dominance roles & interest in the change of the status quo is associated with the negative dominance roles, (ii) the bearers of positive & negative dominance roles organize themselves into groups with manifest interests, (iii) interest groups which originate in this manner are in constant conflict concerned with the preservation or change in the status quo, & (iv) the conflict among interest groups leads to changes in the structure of the soc relations in question through changes in the dominance relations. Interest groups are a function of conditions of org; specific forms of conflict are a function of the conditions of conflict; & specific forms of change are a function of the conditions of change. 'Thus the task of the theory of conflict turns out to be to identify the 3 sets of conditions & to determine as sharply as possible their respective weight - ideally, by quantitative measure.' Illustrations of the theory & the sorts of variables involved are given from the realms of industrial conflict & the totalitarian state. I. Taviss.

Analyse von vier zentralen ideologischen und sozialen Konflikten innerhalb der jüdischen Bevölkerung in Palästina bzw. Israel vor und nach der Staatsgründung: die Frage der territorialen Identität und des Nationalcharakters, der Entwurf einer Gesellschaftsordnung zur Realisierung des zionistischen Programms, die relative Position der Religion in der jüdischen Gesellschaft und das Verhältnis zwischen verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen und Gemeinschaften