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This book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "Multiple Regime Framework", for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions

Contemporary states take a variety of measures, ranging from economic, social, cultural, and health to legal ones, to ensure the protection of the individual and the family. Social protection is substantially a form or a field of fulfilment of human needs. Economic assistance, social services and social care are considered social programs which aim to alleviate poverty, eliminate social exclusion, provide social care, enable the reintegration of all individuals, families and groups in need. The Republic of Kosovo, through positive law, has undertaken a series of economic and social measures which ensure the protection of the individual and the family. Social protection in the Republic of Kosovo is not defined by a special law, but it is defined by a package of laws. Thus, currently, in Kosovo there is necessary legal infrastructure for social protection beneficiaries, although not complete in the desired form and quality.

Key Features:The first English language volume to examine the social protection position of China's internal migrantsIncludes contributions by the leading international scholars on migration and social protectionProvides policy suggestions and a research agenda for addressing the social protection needs of China's migrant workers.

The objective of this Element is to provide an analysis of social protection from an economic perspective. It relies on tools and methods widely used in public and insurance economics and comprises four main section besides the introduction. The first section is devoted to the design of social protection programs and their political sustainability. The second section assesses the efficiency and performance of social protection programs, and of the welfare state as a whole. In the third section, the relative merits of social and private insurance are analyzed as well as the design of optimum insurance contract with emphasis on health and pensions. The last section focuses on the implications of asymmetric information that may lead governments to adopt policies that would otherwise be rejected in a perfect information setting.

ch. 1. Selected issues in Strengthening social protection in East Asia : an overview / Mukul G. Asher and Fukunari Kimura -- ch. 2. Managing pension and healthcare costs in rapidly aging depopulating countries : the case of Japan / Noriyuki Takayama -- ch. 3. Managing pension and healthcare costs in rapidly aging depopulating countries : the case of Korea / Hyungpo Moon -- ch. 4. Structuring the payout phase in a defined contribution scheme in high income countries : experiences of Australia and New Zealand / Hazel Bateman -- ch. 5. Structuring the payout phase in a defined contribution scheme in high income countries : experiences of Singapore / Ngee Choon Chia and Albert K. Tsui -- ch. 6. Civil service pension arrangements in India, the Philippines, and Thailand : an assessment / Mukul G. Asher and Friska Parulian -- ch. 7. Strengthening sustainability and extending the pension coverage in China / Yuwei Hu -- ch. 8. Extending the coverage of social protection among informal workers in India / Santanu Gupta -- ch. 9. Extending social protection for informal sector workers in Indonesia / Budi Kuncoro, Friska Parulian and Mukul G. Asher.

Interpreting and advancing women's rights to social security and social protection /Beth Goldblatt and Lucie Lamarche --Engendering social welfare rights /Sandra Fredman --Participatory inclusion and women's rights to social security /Hester Lessard --Unpacking the ILO's social protection floor recommendation from a women's rights perspective /Lucie Lamarche --Social protection in China : is there a gender equity problem? /Mankui Li --Evaluating reforms for Bolivian women's rights to social security and social protection /Lorena Ossio Bustillos --Recent coverage developments in social security protection for Chilean women /Pablo Arellano Ortiz --Rethinking social protection beyond waged work : a United States perspective /Lucy A Williams --Human capital and the post-scripting of women's poverty /Janet E Mosher --What would an engendered human rights approach to social security mean for sole parents in Australia? /Belinda Smith --Gendering the right to social security in the era of crisis governance : the need for transformative strategies /Dianne Otto --A gendered right to social security and decent work? : the debate in the context of Irish austerity /Mary P Murphy and Camille Loftus --Testing women's right to social security in Australia : a poor score /Beth Goldblatt --Mainstreaming gender in Spanish labour and pension reforms and in European social policies /úria Pumar Beltrán.

The article deals with the state policy of social protection, attempts to improve, optimize and update it, and the impact of these attempts on the financial status and well-being of the Ukrainian population. It is shown what exactly the reformation of the pension system is turning into for the elderly, what problems are being actualized in this regard, and what can it threaten to the next generation of pensioners. According to the Constitution of Ukraine, our country is a social state, and this implies an orientation towards ensuring social and economic human rights. Social policy plays a dual role. On the one hand, economic growth creates favorable conditions for improving people's lives, and on the other hand, the social policy is a factor of economic growth and regulation of the country's economy. Meanwhile, this article focuses specifically on the social sphere (and not on the economic or political one), the rational regulation of which should be the first priority of state policy. The analysis of state policy in terms of reform in the field of social protection shows that all reforming attempts undertaken by the state in order to improve this sphere, brought almost no change of the current developments in the country: they did not improve the financial situation of wide segment of the people, in particular pensioners, and did not reduce the degree of impoverishment and poverty. So, according to law, our pension system is three-tier. However, the statements declared in laws are not yet implemented, whereas the current programs are mechanically "modernized", and it causes nothing in the terms of positive changes. As a result of further delay with the introduction of a three-level pension system, the young generation, which should retire in the near future, will be deprived of guaranteed financial support.Keywords: state policy, social protection, pension provision, pension reform, "modernization", international financial assistance, Marshall Plan for Ukraine.

Following independence from the former Soviet Union, Tajikistan inherited an extensive social protection system that included a range of cash and noncash benefits. While the economy is well into its transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, its social welfare policies still adhere to the methods and approaches of the Soviet period. This is true for social protection, which has both social insurance and social assistance components, and for which benefits are effectively noncontributory in nature in that no contributions are collected from employees. In this paper, we examine the performance of the country's social protection system - essentially public transfers for the elderly and disabled - in terms of reducing poverty, with the aim of identifying its key problems. Since the government provides such public transfers mainly as pensions (i.e., old-age pension, disabled pension, and survivors pension), it merits an in-depth analysis of whether or not these transfer programs reach the intended beneficiaries; that is, how well do they target the intended beneficiaries? Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Survey conducted in 2007, the study finds that only 43% of poor households are receiving transfers from the government, while 33% of nonpoor households receive transfers. This study argues for applying a targeted approach to public transfer programs, including noncontributory pension schemes aimed at the most vulnerable populations.

The study deals with the relationship between social protection for workers and economic growth in twenty-five sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries for 2005 and 2006. The regression estimation (using instrumental variables and random effects techniques) includes the logarithm of real GDP, the logarithm of the gross capital formation GCF to GDP (GCF/GDP) ratio, the logarithm of population, the logarithm of the export/GDP ratio, tertiary school enrollment (SET), and social protection rating (SPR). The results show the coefficient of the proxy for capital (GCF/GDP) is insignificant, but the labor variable was shown to have a positive effect on economic growth. Human capital entered the model as tertiary school enrollment (SET). However, the coefficient of SET was not statistically significant, implying that human capital played no part in economic growth in SSA in 2005 and 2006. The SPR variable implies that labor seeks protection and employers resist granting it. Both labor and employers lobby the government and the level of protection achieved is a Nash equilibrium outcome. The income gains to workers if they win cause efficiency losses for society. The SPR variable is positive and statistically significant, indicating that the efficiency losses are less than the income gains by workers. Government promotion of labor, exports, and social protection policies can increase productivity and economic growth.

This open access book collects expert contributions on actuarial modelling and related topics, from machine learning to legal aspects, and reflects on possible insurance designs during an epidemic/pandemic. Starting by considering the impulse given by COVID-19 to the insurance industry and to actuarial research, the text covers compartment models, mortality changes during a pandemic, risk-sharing in the presence of low probability events, group testing, compositional data analysis for detecting data inconsistencies, behaviouristic aspects in fighting a pandemic, and insurers' legal problems, amongst others. Concluding with an essay by a practicing actuary on the applicability of the methods proposed, this interdisciplinary book is aimed at actuaries as well as readers with a background in mathematics, economics, statistics, finance, epidemiology, or sociology.

This paper considers social protection, in the form of a minimum wage, in a global market. We show that trade, even without factor mobility, puts downward pressure on the level of the minimum wage determined by majority voting. This is due to the industrial specialization that results from the imposition of different minimum wages. We show that cooperation between governments to establish a common policy benefits the majority in each country but increases unemployment. 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

COVID-19 and the measures governments have put in place to prevent its aggravation have triggered an economic recession that will increase poverty rates and hunger. In June, the International Monetary Fund projected a 4.9% decline in global economic growth compared to 20191. A similar forecast has been generated under Ceres2030, a research project co-directed by the International Food Policy Research Institute, Cornell University and the International Institute for Sustainable Development that is calculating the cost of effective interventions to end hunger sustainably. The estimate is that 95 million additional people, mostly from sub-Saharan Africa, will be living in extreme poverty by the end of the year. ; IFPRI3; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; CRP2; Ceres2030 ; AFR; PIM ; Non-PR ; CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)